Several variations of for loop statements in PHP_PHP Tutorial
for语句可以说是PHP(同时也是多种语言)的循环控制部份最基本的一个语句了,for语句的执行规律和基础用法在这里就不多说,可以参见PHP手册for语句部分。PHP手册中对它的语法定义如下:
for (expr1; expr2; expr3) statement Copy after login |
下面说说for语句几种有用的变型。
1、无限循环
首先是人尽皆知的无限循环(亦可称“死循环”)。由于空表达式null在语法上是有效的,所以我们可以把for语句的三个表达式留空,这样就会产生不断执行for嵌套语句的效果。
<?php for (;;) { //放置需要不断执行的语句 } > Copy after login |
<?php for (;;) { //如果是公元2199年,则跳出循环 if (date(’Y’) == ’2199’) { break; } } ?> Copy after login |
2、使用空表达式
接下来就是说说在初始化语句expr1中使用null语法,留空expr1最常见的作用就是完成更为复杂的初始化工作。
<?php if (isset($i)) { unset($i); if ((int) date(’’) < 2008) { $i = 0; } else { $i = 1; } } else { $i =3; } for (;$i < 10;$i++) { echo $i; } ?> Copy after login |
同样道理,迭代表达式expr3也可能留空,也可以利用这点编写更为复杂的迭代式,比如说根据不同的条件调用不同的迭代式。
而for语句中的条件语句expr2留空则是上面所说的无限循环,当然也可以添加一些更为复杂的条件去判断什么时候跳出循环,在此不在重复。
3、多重循环
使用多重循环来控制多个变量也是在for语句中使经常被忽略的一个特性。如下面的例子,在一般的任务中用到的一般会是双重循环,三重以上的循环一般意义不大。
<?php for ($i = 0, $j = 10;$i <= 10;$i++, $j--) { echo "$i + $j = 10rn"; } ?> Copy after login |
以上代码将输出:
0 + 10 = 10
1 + 9 = 10
2 + 8 = 10
3 + 7 = 10
4 + 6 = 10
5 + 5 = 10
6 + 4 = 10
7 + 3 = 10
8 + 2 = 10
9 + 1 = 10
10 + 0 = 10
4、更为复杂的表达式
如果把for语句的三个表达式写得复杂一些,则可以用于优化算法。甚至可以使用没有循环体的for语句来完成一些任务。比如计算累加或阶乘:
<?php //计算1-5的累加结果,斌值到$j for ($i = 1,$j = 0; $i <= 5;$j += $i++); echo $j; //计算1-5的阶乘结果,斌值到$j for ($i = 1,$j = 1; $i <= 5;$j *= $i++); echo $j; ?> Copy after login |

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