Detailed explanation of how to use the forms form class in Python's Django framework-Python Tutorial-php.cn

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Detailed explanation of how to use the forms form class in Python's Django framework

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Jul 21, 2016 pm 02:53 PM

django python form

Form form functions

Automatically generate HTML form elements
Check the legality of form data
If validation error occurs, redisplay the form (data will not be reset)
Data type conversion (character type data is converted into the corresponding Python type)

Form related objects include

Widget: A tool used to render HTML elements, such as: forms.Textarea corresponds to the tag in HTML </li> <li>Field: A field in the Form object, such as: EmailField represents the email field. If this field is not a valid email format, an error will occur. </li> <li>Form: a collection of Field objects, responsible for validating and displaying HTML elements </li> <li>Form Media: CSS and JavaScript resources used to render forms. </li> </ul> <p><strong>Form Objects</strong></p> <p>The Form object encapsulates a series of Field and validation rules. The Form class must directly or indirectly inherit from django.forms.Form. There are two ways to define a Form: </p> <p>Method 1: Directly inherit Form</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> from django import forms class ContactForm(forms.Form): subject = forms.CharField(max_length=100,label='主题') message = form.CharField(widget=forms.TextArea) sender = form.EmailField() cc_myself = forms.BooleanField(required=False) </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>Method 2: Combine Model and inherit django.forms.ModelForm</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> #models.py class Contact(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=30) content = models.CharField(max_length=20) #form.py class ConotactForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = Contact field = ('title','content') #只显示model中指定的字段 </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p><strong>Use form in view</strong></p> <p>The general scenario of using form in the view function is: </p> <p>view.py:</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> form django.shortcuts import render form django.http import HttpResponseRedirect def contact(request): if request.method=="POST": form = ContactForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): #所有验证都通过 #do something处理业务 return HttpResponseRedirect('/') else: form = ContactForm() return render(request,'contact.html',{'form':form}) </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>contact.html:</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> <form action='/contact/' method='POST'> {% for field in form %} <div class = 'fieldWrapper'> {{field.label_tag}}:{{field}} {{field.errors}} </div> {% endfor %} <div class='fieldWrapper'> <p><input type='submit' value='留言'></p></div> </form> </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p><strong>Process form data</strong></p> <p>After form.is_valid() returns true, the form data is stored in the form.cleaned_data object (dictionary type, meaning cleaned data), and the data will be automatically converted into a Python object, such as: in form If DateTimeField is defined, then the field will be converted to datetime type, as well as: IntegerField, FloatField</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> if form.is_valid(): subject = form.cleaned_data['subject'] message = form.cleaned_data['message'] sender = form.cleaned_data['sender'] cc_myself = form.cleaned_data['cc_myself'] recipients = ['info@example.com'] if cc_myself: recipients.append(sender) from django.core.mail import send_mail send_mail(subject, message, sender, recipients) return HttpResponseRedirect('/thanks/') # Redirect after POST </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>These are the simple ways to use Form. Also: </p> <p>Several ways to display forms in templates: </p> <p>There are many ways to display form and template, and they can also be customized: </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> <form action="/contact/" method="post">{% csrf_token %} {{ form.as_p }} <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form> </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>You can also use form.as_table and form.as_ul, which respectively indicate using the <p> tag, <table> tag and <ul> to indicate the display form. If you want to customize, you just need to get the value of each element: </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> <form action="/contact/" method="post"> {{ form.non_field_errors }} <div class="fieldWrapper"> {{ form.subject.errors }} <label for="id_subject">Email subject:</label> {{ form.subject }} </div> <div class="fieldWrapper"> {{ form.message.errors }} <label for="id_message">Your message:</label> {{ form.message }} </div> <div class="fieldWrapper"> {{ form.sender.errors }} <label for="id_sender">Your email address:</label> {{ form.sender }} </div> <div class="fieldWrapper"> {{ form.cc_myself.errors }} <label for="id_cc_myself">CC yourself?</label> {{ form.cc_myself }} </div> <p><input type="submit" value="Send message" /></p> </form> </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>Each form field can be obtained using {{form.name_of_field}}. </p> <p>You can also iterate the form. Each iteration element corresponds to the field in the form</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> <form action="/contact/" method="post"> {% for field in form %} <div class="fieldWrapper"> {{ field.errors }} {{ field.label_tag }}: {{ field }} </div> {% endfor %} <p><input type="submit" value="Send message" /></p> </form> </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>{{field}} has the following attributes: </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> {{field.lable}}，如：Email address {{field.label_tag}}，如： <label for=id_email>Email address</label> {{field.value}} 如：someone.@gmail.com {{field.errors}} </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p></p> <p><strong>Example: Building a form <br /> </strong>Step one: First define a form model in models.py</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> class RemarkForm(forms.Form): subject = forms.CharField(max_length=100 ,label='留言标题') mail = forms.EmailField(label='电子邮件') topic = forms.ChoiceField(choices=TOPIC_CHOICES,label='选择评分') message = forms.CharField(label='留言内容',widget=forms.Textarea) cc_myself = forms.BooleanField(required=False ,label='订阅该贴') </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>The choices in that topic need to define an array in models.py.<br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> TOPIC_CHOICES = ( ('leve1', '差评'), ('leve2', '中评'), ('leve3', '好评'), ) </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>In this way, the form displayed in HTML will use the data of this model. </p> <p>There is another way to define a form model, which is to directly inherit another models. If when we design the database in models, we have already designed a class (that is, the table of the database) and then want to reuse the information of this class as the form model, then it is very simple, it is also a class in models <br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> class Advertisement(models.Model): #订单编号 OrderID = models.ForeignKey(OrderInfo) #//广告标题# Title = models.CharField(max_length = 36) #//广告内容# Content = models.CharField(max_length = 600) </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>Note that its type is models.Model, which is used for database ORM. </p> <p>Then how to connect?<br /> Need to import a new class (ModelForm)<br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> from django.forms import ModelForm class ContactForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = Advertisement fields = ('Title', 'CustomerID') </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>The Advertisement here is the model of the previous ORM. <br /> Step 2: OK, let’s continue with our form. What should we do next? Start writing the calls to the form in views.py.<br /> def remark(request):</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> if request.method == 'POST': # 如果表单被提交 form = ContactForm(request.POST) # 获取Post表单数据 if form.is_valid(): # 验证表单 return HttpResponseRedirect('/') # 跳转 else: form = ContactForm() #获得表单对象 return render_to_response('message.html', { 'form': form, }) </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p><br /> </p> <p>The whole code is very simple, so I won’t explain it too much. </p> <p><br /> Step 3: We know that any access in django is managed through urls.py. So below we need to configure a path. </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> (r'^message', 'iring.views.remark'),</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>Step 4: Finally it is time to create a template, because we will eventually output it to html. Pay attention to the last line of the remark function of views<br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> return render_to_response('message.html', { 'form': form, }) </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>That is to say, the current form object is output to message.html and a form is automatically generated. <br /> So, first build an html.<br /> This html template is very simple. Without unnecessary CSS, I only give the core part. <br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> <form action="/message/" method="POST"> {% for field in form %} <div class="fieldWrapper"> {{ field.label_tag }}:{{ field }} {{ field.errors }} div> {% endfor %} <div class="fieldWrapper"><p><input type="submit" value="留言" />p>div> form> </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> {% for field in form %} {% endfor %} </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p> is used to traverse the elements in the form object, and then pass <br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class='brush:php;toolbar:false;'> {{ field.label_tag }} {{ field }} {{ field.errors }} </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>To output these three tags, note that {{ field.errors }} will not be output by default. The content will only be output when the correctness of the form is verified. </p> <p>Finally we passed:<br> http://youdjangourl/message to access this example</p> <p><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201606/2016621145313568.jpg?2016521145332" class="lazy" alt="2016621145313568.jpg (463×521)"></p> <p><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201606/2016621145344436.jpg?2016521145355" class="lazy" alt="2016621145344436.jpg (433×383)"></p> <p><img src="/static/imghw/default1.png" data-src="http://files.jb51.net/file_images/article/201606/2016621145405787.jpg?2016521145415" class="lazy" alt="2016621145405787.jpg (434×350)"></p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wzconShengming_sp"> <div class="bzsmdiv_sp">Statement of this Website</div> <div>The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. 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