Detailed explanation of how to use the forms form class in Python's Django framework

Form form functions

• Automatically generate HTML form elements
• Check the legality of form data
• If validation error occurs, redisplay the form (data will not be reset)
• Data type conversion (character type data is converted into the corresponding Python type)

Form related objects include

• Widget: A tool used to render HTML elements, such as: forms.Textarea corresponds to the tag in HTML </li> <li>Field: A field in the Form object, such as: EmailField represents the email field. If this field is not a valid email format, an error will occur. </li> <li>Form: a collection of Field objects, responsible for validating and displaying HTML elements </li> <li>Form Media: CSS and JavaScript resources used to render forms. </li> </ul> <p><strong>Form Objects</strong></p> <p>The Form object encapsulates a series of Field and validation rules. The Form class must directly or indirectly inherit from django.forms.Form. There are two ways to define a Form: </p> <p>Method 1: Directly inherit Form</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:py;"> from django import forms class ContactForm(forms.Form): subject = forms.CharField(max_length=100,label='主题') message = form.CharField(widget=forms.TextArea) sender = form.EmailField() cc_myself = forms.BooleanField(required=False) </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>Method 2: Combine Model and inherit django.forms.ModelForm</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:py;"> #models.py class Contact(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=30) content = models.CharField(max_length=20) #form.py class ConotactForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = Contact field = ('title','content') #只显示model中指定的字段 </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p><strong>Use form in view</strong></p> <p>The general scenario of using form in the view function is: </p> <p>view.py:</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:py;"> form django.shortcuts import render form django.http import HttpResponseRedirect def contact(request): if request.method=="POST": form = ContactForm(request.POST) if form.is_valid(): #所有验证都通过 #do something处理业务 return HttpResponseRedirect('/') else: form = ContactForm() return render(request,'contact.html',{'form':form}) </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>contact.html:</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"> <form action='/contact/' method='POST'> {% for field in form %} <div class = 'fieldWrapper'> {{field.label_tag}}:{{field}} {{field.errors}} </div> {% endfor %} <div class='fieldWrapper'> <p><input type='submit' value='留言'></p></div> </form> </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p><strong>Process form data</strong></p> <p>After form.is_valid() returns true, the form data is stored in the form.cleaned_data object (dictionary type, meaning cleaned data), and the data will be automatically converted into a Python object, such as: in form If DateTimeField is defined, then the field will be converted to datetime type, as well as: IntegerField, FloatField</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:py;"> if form.is_valid(): subject = form.cleaned_data['subject'] message = form.cleaned_data['message'] sender = form.cleaned_data['sender'] cc_myself = form.cleaned_data['cc_myself'] recipients = ['info@example.com'] if cc_myself: recipients.append(sender) from django.core.mail import send_mail send_mail(subject, message, sender, recipients) return HttpResponseRedirect('/thanks/') # Redirect after POST </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>These are the simple ways to use Form. Also: </p> <p>Several ways to display forms in templates: </p> <p>There are many ways to display form and template, and they can also be customized: </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"> <form action="/contact/" method="post">{% csrf_token %} {{ form.as_p }} <input type="submit" value="Submit" /> </form> </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>You can also use form.as_table and form.as_ul, which respectively indicate using the <p> tag, <table> tag and <ul> to indicate the display form. If you want to customize, you just need to get the value of each element: </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"> <form action="/contact/" method="post"> {{ form.non_field_errors }} <div class="fieldWrapper"> {{ form.subject.errors }} <label for="id_subject">Email subject:</label> {{ form.subject }} </div> <div class="fieldWrapper"> {{ form.message.errors }} <label for="id_message">Your message:</label> {{ form.message }} </div> <div class="fieldWrapper"> {{ form.sender.errors }} <label for="id_sender">Your email address:</label> {{ form.sender }} </div> <div class="fieldWrapper"> {{ form.cc_myself.errors }} <label for="id_cc_myself">CC yourself&#63;</label> {{ form.cc_myself }} </div> <p><input type="submit" value="Send message" /></p> </form> </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>Each form field can be obtained using {{form.name_of_field}}. </p> <p>You can also iterate the form. Each iteration element corresponds to the field in the form</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"> <form action="/contact/" method="post"> {% for field in form %} <div class="fieldWrapper"> {{ field.errors }} {{ field.label_tag }}: {{ field }} </div> {% endfor %} <p><input type="submit" value="Send message" /></p> </form> </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>{{field}} has the following attributes: </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:py;"> {{field.lable}}，如：Email address {{field.label_tag}}，如： <label for=id_email>Email address</label> {{field.value}} 如：someone.@gmail.com {{field.errors}} </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p></p> <p><strong>Example: Building a form <br /> </strong>Step one: First define a form model in models.py</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:py;"> class RemarkForm(forms.Form): subject = forms.CharField(max_length=100 ,label='留言标题') mail = forms.EmailField(label='电子邮件') topic = forms.ChoiceField(choices=TOPIC_CHOICES,label='选择评分') message = forms.CharField(label='留言内容',widget=forms.Textarea) cc_myself = forms.BooleanField(required=False ,label='订阅该贴') </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>The choices in that topic need to define an array in models.py.<br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:py;"> TOPIC_CHOICES = ( ('leve1', '差评'), ('leve2', '中评'), ('leve3', '好评'), ) </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>In this way, the form displayed in HTML will use the data of this model. </p> <p>There is another way to define a form model, which is to directly inherit another models. If when we design the database in models, we have already designed a class (that is, the table of the database) and then want to reuse the information of this class as the form model, then it is very simple, it is also a class in models <br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:py;"> class Advertisement(models.Model): #订单编号 OrderID = models.ForeignKey(OrderInfo) #//广告标题# Title = models.CharField(max_length = 36) #//广告内容# Content = models.CharField(max_length = 600) </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>Note that its type is models.Model, which is used for database ORM. </p> <p>Then how to connect?<br /> Need to import a new class (ModelForm)<br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:py;"> from django.forms import ModelForm class ContactForm(ModelForm): class Meta: model = Advertisement fields = ('Title', 'CustomerID') </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>The Advertisement here is the model of the previous ORM. <br /> Step 2: OK, let’s continue with our form. What should we do next? Start writing the calls to the form in views.py.<br /> def remark(request):</p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:py;"> if request.method == 'POST': # 如果表单被提交 form = ContactForm(request.POST) # 获取Post表单数据 if form.is_valid(): # 验证表单 return HttpResponseRedirect('/') # 跳转 else: form = ContactForm() #获得表单对象 return render_to_response('message.html', { 'form': form, }) </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p><br /> </p> <p>The whole code is very simple, so I won’t explain it too much. </p> <p><br /> Step 3: We know that any access in django is managed through urls.py. So below we need to configure a path. </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:py;"> (r'^message', 'iring.views.remark'),</pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>Step 4: Finally it is time to create a template, because we will eventually output it to html. Pay attention to the last line of the remark function of views<br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:py;"> return render_to_response('message.html', { 'form': form, }) </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p>That is to say, the current form object is output to message.html and a form is automatically generated. <br /> So, first build an html.<br /> This html template is very simple. Without unnecessary CSS, I only give the core part. <br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"> <form action="/message/" method="POST"> {% for field in form %} <div class="fieldWrapper"> {{ field.label_tag }}:{{ field }} {{ field.errors }} div> {% endfor %} <div class="fieldWrapper"><p><input type="submit" value="留言" />p>div> form> </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:py;"> {% for field in form %} {% endfor %} </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> </p> <p> is used to traverse the elements in the form object, and then pass <br /> </p> <div class="jb51code"> <div class="code" style="position:relative; padding:0px; margin:0px;"><pre class="brush:py;"> {{ field.label_tag }} {{ field }} {{ field.errors }} </pre><div class="contentsignin">Copy after login</div></div> <p>To output these three tags, note that {{ field.errors }} will not be output by default. 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