


Chapter 2: How to write PHP code for getting started with PHP_PHP Tutorial
一.在web页面嵌入PHP代码的几种风格
推荐使用标准风格或简短风格
//标准风格
echo 'Hello World!';
?>
//简短风格
echo 'Hello World!';
?>
二.代码注释的四种方式
//单行注释
/*
* 多行注释
*/
#shell风格注释
/**
* PHPdoc风格注释
*/
?>
三.向浏览器输出字符串的几种方法
/*
* echo函数的功能:向浏览器输出字符串
* 函数返回值:void
*/
echo 'echo function!';
echo('
');
/*
* echo函数的功能:向浏览器输出字符串
* 函数返回值:int
*/
print 'print function';
echo('
');
echo print 'echo value of print function. ';
echo('
');
/*
* printf函数的功能:向浏览器输出字符串
* 函数返回值:所打印字符串的长度
*/
printf("a weekend have %d days",7);
echo('
');
echo printf("a weekend have %d days",7);
echo('
');
/*
* sprintf函数的功能:把字符串保存到内存中
* 函数返回值:保存的字符串本身
*/
sprintf('sprintf function');
echo('
');
echo sprintf('sprintf function');
echo('
');
?>
输出结果:
echo function test!
print function test.
print function test. 1
a weekend have 7 days
a weekend have 7 days. 23
sprintf function test
常用类型指示符
类型 |
描述 |
%b |
整数,显示为二进制 |
%c |
整数,显示为ASCII字符 |
%d |
整数,显示为有符号十进制数 |
%f |
浮点数,显示为浮点数 |
%o |
整数,显示为八进制数 |
%s |
字符串,显示为字符串 |
%u |
整数,显示为无符号十进制数 |
%x |
整数,显示为小写的十六进制数 |
%X |
整数,显示为大写的十六进制数 |
1.标识符的基本规则:
1) 标识符可以是任意长度,而且可以由任何字母、数字、下划线组成。
2) 标识符不能以数字开始。
3) 在PHP中,标识符是区分大小写的。
4) 一个变量名称可以与一个函数名称相同。
2.变量赋值:
$sum = 0;
$total = 1.22;
$sum = $total;
echo $sum; //1.22
?>
3.变量的数据类型:
基本数据类型
类型 |
名称 |
Integer |
整数 |
Float |
单精度浮点数 |
Double |
又精度浮点数 |
String |
字符串 |
Boolean |
布尔 |
Array |
数组 |
Object |
对象 |
PHP是动态语言,是一种非常弱的类型语言,在程序运行时,可以动态的改变变量的类型。
5.类型转换:
隐式类型转换:
$sum = 0;
$total = 1.22;
$sum = $total;
echo gettype ( $sum );//double
?>
显式类型转换:
$sum = 100;
$total = ( string ) $sum;
echo gettype ( $sum );//string
?>
使用settype()函数进行类型转换,返回值1表示成功,空表示失败。
$sum = 58;
echo settype ( $sum, "float" );
echo $sum; //58
echo gettype ( $sum ); //double
?>
6.检测变量的函数:
函数 |
功能 |
返回值 |
Gettype() |
获取变量的类型 |
基本数据类型中的其中一种 |
Settype() |
设置变量的类型 |
Bool(1:true 0:false(or '')) |
Isset() |
用来判断一个变量是否存在 |
Bool |
Unset() |
释放给定的变量 |
Void |
Empty() |
检测一个变量的值是否为空 |
Bool |
is_int() is_integer() |
检测变量是否是整数 |
Bool |
Is_string() |
检测变量是否是字符串 |
bool |
Is_numeric |
检测变量是否为数字或数字字符串 |
bool |
Is_null |
检测变量是否为 NULL |
bool |
Intval() |
获取变量的整数值 |
int |
$a = 10;
echo isset ( $a );//1
?>
echo isset ( $b );//''
?>
Usset()的基本使用
$a = 10;
unset($a);
echo isset ( $a );//''
?>
Empty()的基本使用
$a= 5;
$b =1;
$c = 0;
$d = "";
$e = array();
$f = null;
$g = "0";
$h = false;
echo empty($a);//''(false)
echo '
';
echo empty($b);//''(false)
echo '
';
echo empty($c);//1(true)
echo '
';
echo empty($d);//1(true)
echo '
';
echo empty($e);//1(true)
echo '
';
echo empty($f);//1(true)
echo '
';
echo empty($g);//1(true)
echo '
';
echo empty($h);//1(true)
echo '
';
echo empty($f);//1(true)
?>
is_int()的基本使用。类似的函数有:is_float()、is_double()、is_string()、is_bool()、is_array()、is_null()、is_long()、is_object()、is_resource()、is_numeric()、is_real()等。
$a = 11;
$b = 1.23;
$c = 3.1415926;
$d = "hello";
$e = false;
$f = array();
$g = null;
echo is_int($a);//1
echo '
';
echo is_float($b);//1
echo '
';
echo is_double($c);//1
echo '
';
echo is_string($d);//1
echo '
';
echo is_bool($e);//1
echo '
';
echo is_array($f);//1
echo '
';
echo is_null($g);//1
echo '
';
echo is_numeric($a);//1
?>
Intval()函数的基本使用。类似的函数为:floatval()、strval()
$a = 22.23;
echo gettype($a);//double
echo '
';
$b = intval($a);//类型转换后不改变$a原来的类型
echo gettype($a);//double
echo '
';
?>
$a = 22.23;
echo gettype($a);//double
echo '
';
settype($a,"integer");//类型转换后会改变$aa原来的类型
echo gettype($a);//integer
echo '
';
?>
7.变量的作用域
超级全局变量
变量名 |
作用 |
$GLOBALS |
所有全局变量数组 |
$_SERVER |
服务器环境变量数组 |
$_GET |
通过GET方式传递给该脚本的变量数组 |
$_POST |
通过POST方式传递给该脚本的变量数组 |
$_COOKIE |
COOKIE变量数组 |
$_FILES |
与文件上传相关的变量数组 |
$_ENV |
环境变量数组 |
$_REQUEST |
所用用户输入的变量数组 |
$_SESSION |
会话变量数组 |
8. Constants
Once defined, they cannot be changed again.
define("TOTAL",100);
echo TOTAL;//100
echo '
';
define("TOTAL",200);
echo TOTAL;//100
?>
Methods to view PHP predefined constants
phpinfo();
?>
Method to reference PHP predefined constants
echo $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"];//localhost
echo '
';
echo $_SERVER[ "SERVER_PORT"];//8090
echo '
';
echo $_SERVER["DOCUMENT_ROOT"];//D:/AppServ/www
echo '
';
?>
5. Three common ways to access form variables
echo $username;//Short style, easily confused with variable names, not recommended.
echo '
';
echo $_POST['username'];//Medium style, supported after version 4.1.0, recommended
echo '
' ;
echo $HTTP_POST_VARS['username'];//Long style, outdated, may be eliminated in the future
?>
Posttest.html
6. For string concatenation.
echo "the student name is:".$_POST['username'];
echo "
";
echo "welcome to "."school";
?>

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