PHP面向对象概念_PHP教程
关键字和特殊变量
new,class,extends。这三个,大家都懂得。
::,范围解析操作符(也可称作 Paamayim Nekudotayim)或者更简单地说是一对冒号,可以用于访问静态成员、方法和常量。还可以用于覆盖类中的成员和方法。
parent和self。parent指的就是派生类在 extends 声明中所指的基类的名字。这样做可以避免在多个地方使用基类的名字。
$this 伪变量。$this指向当前的实例。$this却不一定是方法所属的对象。有时候类A内的代码会调用类B的一个静态方法。参考例子:http://www.php.net/manual/zh/language.oop5.basic.php
static关键字。如果声明类成员或方法为static,就可以不实例化类而直接访问。但是,除了静态方法,不能通过一个对象来访问其中的静态成员。在静态方法中,不使用$this。而使用self:: 。
final关键字。可以作用于类(class)和方法(function),会使类不能被继承,方法不能被覆盖。
属性
可以初始化,但初始化的值必须是常数。常量前面用const个关键字,常量的值必须是一个定值,不能是变量,类属性或其它操作(如函数调用)的结果。
构造函数和析构函数
这两个函数都不会暗中调用基类的响应函数,这跟java的构造器机制不一样。要达到这样的效果,必须显示执行。析构函数中不能抛出异常。
抽象类:声明为抽象的类方法不能包含具体实现,抽象类不能实例化。必须先被继承,再实例化其子类。而且子类的访问控制要和抽象类一样,或者更加宽松。抽象类至少包含一个抽象方法的。
接口
使用接口(interface),你可以指定某个类必须实现哪些方法,但不需要定义这些方法的具体内容。
定义的所有方法都必须是public,且方法为空
可以定义常量,但是没有属性
接口的实现(implements)必须实现所有方法,而且可以实现多个接口(注意,方法不能重名)。
接口可以被另外的接口继承 (extends)

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