Analyze the difference between require and include from PHP core code_PHP tutorial

深入理解PHP之require/include顺序 http://www.jb51.net/article/25867.htm
普及
在php手册中：

require() is identical to include() except upon failure it will also produce a fatal E_ERROR level error. In other words, it will halt the script whereas include() only emits a warning (E_WARNING) which allows the script to continue.

就是说在失败的时候，require是会中止php运行的，而include是可以继续运行的。
倒底有什么样的区别呢？我们带着这个疑问来一起进入PHP的核心代码。
下面是一个PHP运行过程的图（这个图是出自哪里的？鸟哥画的？）

补习一下：lex是代码扫描器，扫描代码用的，yacc是Yet Another Compiler Compiler，作用是把任何一种代码的语法转成yacc语法，yacc就是解析器（真TMD绕）。
lex在c下的后缀是*.l yacc是*.y

正题
下面看操作记录：

cc@cc-laptop:/opt/workspace$ svn checkout http://svn.php.net/repository/php/php-src/branches/PHP_5_3 php-src-5.3
从svn取最新的php源代码。

开始深入：

cc@cc-laptop:/opt/workspace/php-src-5.3$ find . -type f -name “*.l” -exec grep -Hn “require_once” {} \;
./Zend/zend_language_scanner.l:1093:”require_once” {
寻找lex代码扫描器文件中出现require_once的地方，zend_language_scanner.l的1093行。
1093 “require_once” {
1094 return T_REQUIRE_ONCE;
1095 }

然后再搜一下T_REQUIRE_ONCE,

cc@cc-laptop:/opt/workspace/php-src-5.3$ find . -type f -name “*.y” -exec grep -Hn “T_INCLUDE” {} \;
./Zend/zend_language_parser.y:52:%left T_INCLUDE T_INCLUDE_ONCE T_EVAL T_REQUIRE T_REQUIRE_ONCE
./Zend/zend_language_parser.y:985: | T_INCLUDE expr { zend_do_include_or_eval(ZEND_INCLUDE, &$$, &$2 TSRMLS_CC); }
./Zend/zend_language_parser.y:986: | T_INCLUDE_ONCE expr { zend_do_include_or_eval(ZEND_INCLUDE_ONCE, &$$, &$2 TSRMLS_CC); }

在985行附近，有这样一群代码：

internal_functions_in_yacc:
T_ISSET ‘(‘ isset_variables ‘)' { $$ = $3; }
| T_EMPTY ‘(‘ variable ‘)' { zend_do_isset_or_isempty(ZEND_ISEMPTY, &$$, &$3 TSRMLS_CC); }
| T_INCLUDE expr { zend_do_include_or_eval(ZEND_INCLUDE, &$$, &$2 TSRMLS_CC); }
| T_INCLUDE_ONCE expr { zend_do_include_or_eval(ZEND_INCLUDE_ONCE, &$$, &$2 TSRMLS_CC); }
| T_EVAL ‘(‘ expr ‘)' { zend_do_include_or_eval(ZEND_EVAL, &$$, &$3 TSRMLS_CC); }
| T_REQUIRE expr { zend_do_include_or_eval(ZEND_REQUIRE, &$$, &$2 TSRMLS_CC); }
| T_REQUIRE_ONCE expr { zend_do_include_or_eval(ZEND_REQUIRE_ONCE, &$$, &$2 TSRMLS_CC); }
;

于是乎，我们需要继续深入寻找zend_do_include_or_eval，

cc@cc-laptop:/opt/workspace/php-src-5.3$ find . -type f -name “*.c” -exec grep -Hn “zend_do_include_or_eval” {} \;
./Zend/zend_compile.c:4317:void zend_do_include_or_eval(int type, znode *result, const znode *op1 TSRMLS_DC) /* {{{ */

zend_do_include_or_eval中组装了一个结构体，ZEND_INCLUDE_OR_EVAL。

再在zend_vm_def.h中找到ZEND_VM_HANDLER(73, ZEND_INCLUDE_OR_EVAL, CONST|TMP|VAR|CV, ANY)：
switch (Z_LVAL(opline->op2.u.constant)) {代码略}

中间关键的一句是：
new_op_array = compile_filename(Z_LVAL(opline->op2.u.constant), inc_filename TSRMLS_CC);

在zend_complie.h文件中:
ZEND_API zend_op_array *compile_filename(int type, zval *filename TSRMLS_DC);

这个函数定义在zend_language_scaner.l文件中，找出最核心的代码：

if (open_file_for_scanning(file_handle TSRMLS_CC)==FAILURE) {
// require与include的差别：错误信息的显示级别（有bailout和无bailout）
if (type==ZEND_REQUIRE) { //require时
zend_message_dispatcher(ZMSG_FAILED_REQUIRE_FOPEN, file_handle->filename TSRMLS_CC);
zend_bailout();
} else {
zend_message_dispatcher(ZMSG_FAILED_INCLUDE_FOPEN, file_handle->filename TSRMLS_CC);
}
compilation_successful=0;
} else {代码略}

继续追踪zend_message_dispatcher可以在main/main.c文件中找到php_message_handler_for_zend函数：

//include输出错误信息时的级别为：E_WARNING
case ZMSG_FAILED_INCLUDE_FOPEN:
php_error_docref(“function.include” TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, “Failed opening ‘%s' for inclusion (include_path='%s')”, php_strip_url_passwd((char *) data), STR_PRINT(PG(include_path)));
break;
//require输出错误信息时的级别为：E_COMPILE_ERROR
代码略

Summary
It is exactly the same as what was said in the PHP manual at the beginning. The difference between require and include is that when an error occurs, one is error and the other is warning.

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