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PHP 快速排序算法详解_php技巧

May 16, 2016 pm 08:32 PM
php quicksort algorithm

概念

这里借用百度百科的一张图来,非常形象:

快速排序算法是对冒泡算法的一个优化。他的思想是先对数组进行分割, 把大的元素数值放到一个临时数组里,把小的元素数值放到另一个临时数组里(这个分割的点可以是数组中的任意一个元素值,一般用第一个元素,即$array[0]),然后继续把这两个临时数组重复上面拆分,最后把小的数组元素和大的数组元素合并起来。这里用到了递归的思想。

PHP实现

复制代码 代码如下:

/*
    快速排序
*/

function quickSort($array)
{
    if(!isset($array[1]))
        return $array;
    $mid = $array[0]; //获取一个用于分割的关键字,一般是首个元素
    $leftArray = array();
    $rightArray = array();

    foreach($array as $v)
    {
        if($v > $mid)
            $rightArray[] = $v;  //把比$mid大的数放到一个数组里
        if($v             $leftArray[] = $v;   //把比$mid小的数放到另一个数组里
    }

    $leftArray = quickSort($leftArray); //把比较小的数组再一次进行分割
    $leftArray[] = $mid;        //把分割的元素加到小的数组后面,不能忘了它哦

    $rightArray = quickSort($rightArray);  //把比较大的数组再一次进行分割
    return array_merge($leftArray,$rightArray);  //组合两个结果
}

与冒泡算法对比

这里我与之前写的冒泡算法实现的排序做了个对比,可以看出这个算法比冒泡算法的效率要高很多。

复制代码 代码如下:

$a = array_rand(range(1,3000), 1500);  //甚至在冒泡算法超过1600个元素的时候会出现内存不足的提示,但这里为了测出两个之间的差别大小, 就设置成了1500,保证冒泡算法也能执行完毕。
shuffle($a);  //获取已经打乱了顺序的数组
$t1 = microtime(true);
quickSort($a);  //快速排序
$t2 = microtime(true);
echo (($t2-$t1)*1000).'ms
';

require('./maopao.php');  //这里引用的是我之前写的冒泡算法排序
$t1 = microtime(true);
maoPao($a);   //冒泡
$t2 = microtime(true);
echo (($t2-$t1)*1000).'ms';

运行结果:

复制代码 代码如下:

12.10880279541ms
772.64094352722ms
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