1、前言
分页显示是一种非常常见的浏览和显示大量数据的方法,属于web编程中最常处理的事件之一。对于web编程的老手来说,编写这种代码实在是和呼吸一样自然,但是对于初学者来说,常常对这个问题摸不着头绪,因此特地撰写此文对这个问题进行详细的讲解,力求让看完这篇文章的朋友在看完以后对于分页显示的原理和实现方法有所了解。本文适合初学者阅读,所有示例代码均使用php编写。
2、原理
所谓分页显示,也就是将数据库中的结果集人为的分成一段一段的来显示,这里需要两个初始的参数:
每页多少条记录($PageSize)?
当前是第几页($CurrentPageID)?
现在只要再给我一个结果集,我就可以显示某段特定的结果出来。
至于其他的参数,比如:上一页($PreviousPageID)、下一页($NextPageID)、总页数($numPages)等等,都可以根据前边这几个东西得到。
以mysql数据库为例,如果要从表内截取某段内容,sql语句可以用:select * from table limit offset, rows。看看下面一组sql语句,尝试一下发现其中的规率。
前10条记录:select * from table limit 0,10
第11至20条记录:select * from table limit 10,10
第21至30条记录:select * from table limit 20,10
……
这一组sql语句其实就是当$PageSize=10的时候取表内每一页数据的sql语句,我们可以总结出这样一个模板:
select * from table limit ($CurrentPageID - 1) * $PageSize, $PageSize
拿这个模板代入对应的值和上边那一组sql语句对照一下看看是不是那么回事。搞定了最重要的如何获取数据的问题以后,剩下的就仅仅是传递参数,构造合适的sql语句然后使用php从数据库内获取数据并显示了。以下我将用具体代码加以说明。
3、简单代码
请详细阅读以下代码,自己调试运行一次,最好把它修改一次,加上自己的功能,比如搜索等等。
<?php
// 建立数据库连接
$link = mysql_connect("localhost", "mysql_user", "mysql_password")
or die("Could not connect: " . mysql_error());
// 获取当前页数
if( isset($_GET['page']) ){
$page = intval( $_GET['page'] );
}
else{
$page = 1;
}
// 每页数量
$PageSize = 10;
// 获取总数据量
$sql = "select count(*) as amount from table";
$result = mysql_query($sql);
$row = mysql_fetch_row($result);
$amount = $row['amount'];
// 记算总共有多少页
if( $amount ){
if( $amount < $page_size ){ $page_count = 1; } //如果总数据量小于$PageSize,那么只有一页
if( $amount % $page_size ){ //取总数据量除以每页数的余数
$page_count = (int)($amount / $page_size) + 1; //如果有余数,则页数等于总数据量除以每页数的结果取整再加一
}else{
$page_count = $amount / $page_size; //如果没有余数,则页数等于总数据量除以每页数的结果
}
}
else{
$page_count = 0;
}
// 翻页链接
$page_string = '';
if( $page == 1 ){
$page_string .= '第一页|上一页|';
}
else{
$page_string .= '<a href=?page=1>第一页</a>|<a href=?page='.($page-1).'>上一页</a>|';
}
if( ($page == $page_count) || ($page_count == 0) ){
$page_string .= '下一页|尾页';
}
else{
$page_string .= '<a href=?page='.($page+1).'>下一页</a>|<a href=?page='.$page_count.'>尾页</a>';
}
// 获取数据,以二维数组格式返回结果
if( $amount ){
$sql = "select * from table order by id desc limit ". ($page-1)*$page_size .", $page_size";
$result = mysql_query($sql);
while ( $row = mysql_fetch_row($result) ){
$rowset[] = $row;
}
}else{
$rowset = array();
}
// 没有包含显示结果的代码,那不在讨论范围,只要用foreach就可以很简单的用得到的二维数组来显示结果
?>
4、OO风格代码
以下代码中的数据库连接是使用的pear db类进行处理
<?php
// FileName: Pager.class.php
// 分页类,这个类仅仅用于处理数据结构,不负责处理显示的工作
Class Pager
{
var $PageSize; //每页的数量
var $CurrentPageID; //当前的页数
var $NextPageID; //下一页
var $PreviousPageID; //上一页
var $numPages; //总页数
var $numItems; //总记录数
var $isFirstPage; //是否第一页
var $isLastPage; //是否最后一页
var $sql; //sql查询语句
function Pager($option)
{
global $db;
$this->_setOptions($option);
// 总条数
if ( !isset($this->numItems) )
{
$res = $db->query($this->sql);
$this->numItems = $res->numRows();
}
// 总页数
if ( $this->numItems > 0 )
{
if ( $this->numItems < $this->PageSize ){ $this->numPages = 1; }
if ( $this->numItems % $this->PageSize )
{
$this->numPages= (int)($this->numItems / $this->PageSize) + 1;
}
else
{
$this->numPages = $this->numItems / $this->PageSize;
}
}
else
{
$this->numPages = 0;
}
switch ( $this->CurrentPageID )
{
case $this->numPages == 1:
$this->isFirstPage = true;
$this->isLastPage = true;
break;
case 1:
$this->isFirstPage = true;
$this->isLastPage = false;
break;
case $this->numPages:
$this->isFirstPage = false;
$this->isLastPage = true;
break;
default:
$this->isFirstPage = false;
$this->isLastPage = false;
}
if ( $this->numPages > 1 )
{
if ( !$this->isLastPage ) { $this->NextPageID = $this->CurrentPageID + 1; }
if ( !$this->isFirstPage ) { $this->PreviousPageID = $this->CurrentPageID - 1; }
}
return true;
}
/***
*
* 返回结果集的数据库连接
* 在结果集比较大的时候可以直接使用这个方法获得数据库连接,然后在类之外遍历,这样开销较小
* 如果结果集不是很大,可以直接使用getPageData的方式获取二维数组格式的结果
* getPageData方法也是调用本方法来获取结果的
*
***/
function getDataLink()
{
if ( $this->numItems )
{
global $db;
$PageID = $this->CurrentPageID;
$from = ($PageID - 1)*$this->PageSize;
$count = $this->PageSize;
$link = $db->limitQuery($this->sql, $from, $count); //使用Pear DB::limitQuery方法保证数据库兼容性
return $link;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
/***
*
* 以二维数组的格式返回结果集
*
***/
function getPageData()
{
if ( $this->numItems )
{
if ( $res = $this->getDataLink() )
{
if ( $res->numRows() )
{
while ( $row = $res->fetchRow() )
{
$result[] = $row;
}
}
else
{
$result = array();
}
return $result;
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
else
{
return false;
}
}
function _setOptions($option)
{
$allow_options = array(
'PageSize',
'CurrentPageID',
'sql',
'numItems'
);
foreach ( $option as $key => $value )
{
if ( in_array($key, $allow_options) && ($value != null) )
{
$this->$key = $value;
}
}
return true;
}
}
?>
<?php
// FileName: test_pager.php
// This is a simple sample code, the front part is omitted Code for establishing database connection using pear db class
require "Pager.class.php";
if ( isset($_GET['page']) )
{
$page = (int )$_GET['page'];
}
else
{
$page = 1;
}
$sql = "select * from table order by id";
$pager_option = array(
"sql" => $sql,
"PageSize" => 10,
"CurrentPageID" => $page
);
if ( isset( $_GET['numItems']) )
{
$pager_option['numItems'] = (int)$_GET['numItems'];
}
$pager = @new Pager($ pager_option);
$data = $pager->getPageData();
if ( $pager->isFirstPage )
{
$turnover = "Homepage|Previous Page|";
}
else
{
$turnover = "<a href='?page=1&numItems=".$pager->numItems."'>Homepage</a>|<a href='?page =".$pager-> PreviousPageID."&numItems=".$pager->numItems."'>Previous page</a>|";
}
if ( $pager->isLastPage )
{
$turnover .= "Next page|Last page";
}
else
{
$turnover .= "<a href='?page=".$pager ->NextPageID."&numItems=".$pager->numItems."'>Next page</a>|<a href='?page=".$pager->numPages."&numItems=".$pager- >numItems."'>Last page</a>";
}
?>
There are two things that need to be explained:
This class only processes data and I am not responsible for handling the display, because I think it is a bit reluctant to put both data processing and result display into one class. When displaying, the situation and requirements are changeable. It is better to handle it according to the results given by the class. A better way is to inherit a subclass of your own based on the Pager class to display different paginations. For example, displaying the user pagination list can be:
<?php
Class MemberPager extends Pager
{
function showMemberList()
{
global $db;
$data = $this->getPageData( ; ]) )
{
$page = (int)$_GET['page'];
}
else
{
$page = 1;
}
$sql = "select * from members order by id";
$pager_option = array(
"sql" => $sql,
"PageSize" => 10,
"CurrentPageID" = > $page
);
if ( isset($_GET['numItems']) )
{
$pager_option['numItems'] = (int)$_GET['numItems'];
}
$pager = @new MemberPager($pager_option);
$pager->showMemberList();
?>
The second thing that needs to be explained is the different databases For compatibility, the way to write a section of results in different databases is different.
mysql: select * from table limit offset, rows
pgsql: select * from table limit m offset n
...
So it needs to be obtained in the class When obtaining results, you need to use the limitQuery method of the pear db class.
true