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Simply master the usage of glob module to find file paths in Python
Simply master the usage of glob module to find file paths in Python
glob使用UNIX shell规则查找与一个模式匹配的文件名。只要程序需要查找文件系统中名字与某个模式匹配的一组文件，就可以使用这个模块。
glob的模式规则与re模块使用的正则表达式不相同。glob模式遵循标准UNIX路径扩展规则。只是用几个特殊字符来实现两个不同的通配符和字符区间。模式规则要应用于文件名中的段。模式中的路径可以是相对路径或绝对路径。
shell变量名和波浪线都不会扩展。
基本用法
1.glob.glob（pathname), 返回所有匹配的文件路径列表。它只有一个参数pathname，定义了文件路径匹配规则，这里可以是绝对路径，也可以是相对路径。
2.glob.iglob(pathname), 获取一个可编历对象，使用它可以逐个获取匹配的文件路径名。与glob.glob()的区别是：glob.glob同时获取所有的匹配路径，而glob.iglob一次只获取一个匹配路径。
3.eg：
import glob print glob.glob(r'E:\*\*.doc') print glob.glob(r'.\*.py') f = glob.iglob(r'.\*.py') for py in f: print py
运行结果：
['E:\\test_file\\adplus.doc'] ['.\\perfrom_test.py', '.\\pyTest.py', '.\\simulation_login.py', '.\\widget.py', '.\\__init__.py'] .\perfrom_test.py .\pyTest.py .\simulation_login.py .\widget.py .\__init__.py
下面我们分知识点详细来讲：
通配符
星号匹配一个文件名段中的0个或多个字符。
import glob
for name in glob.glob('tmp/*'):
print name
这个模式会匹配所有的路径名，但是不会递归搜索到子目录。
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================ >>> tmp\checklog_status.sh tmp\check_Adwords_v1.2.sh tmp\check_traffic.sh tmp\cut_nginxlog_V1.2.sh tmp\ip_conn.sh tmp\ip_keepalive.sh tmp\nagios使用手册.doc tmp\nmap_ping tmp\nrpe_install-1.3.sh tmp\one tmp\syn.sh tmp\zabbix_agentd_2.0.10_win_V1.2.bat tmp\zabbix_agentd_2.0.8_V1.3.sh tmp\工作内容.doc
要列出子目录中的文件，必须把子目录包含在模式中。
import glob
print 'Name explicitly:'
for name in glob.glob('tmp/one/*'):
print '\t', name
print 'Name with wildcard:'
for name in glob.glob('tmp/*/*'):
print '\t', name
第一种情况显示列出子目录名，第二种情况则依赖一个通配符查找目录。
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================ >>> Name explicitly: tmp/one\another.txt tmp/one\file.txt Name with wildcard: tmp\one\another.txt tmp\one\file.txt
单字节通配符
问号会匹配文件名中该位置的单个字符。
import glob
for name in glob.glob('tmp/chec?_traffic.sh'):
print name
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================ >>> tmp\check_traffic.sh
字符区间
使用字符区间([a-z])，可以匹配多个字符中的一个字符。
import glob
for name in glob.glob('tmp/one/[a-z]*'):
print name
区间可以匹配所有小写字母。
>>> ================================ RESTART ================================ >>> tmp/one\another.txt tmp/one\file.txt
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