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Python commonly used built-in sequence structures (lists, tuples, dictionaries) study notes
Python commonly used built-in sequence structures (lists, tuples, dictionaries) study notes
列表与元组
列表用大括号[]表示，元组用圆括号（）表示。
列表可以修改，字符串与元组不可修改。
元组的分片还是元组，列表的分片还是列表。
1.列表方法：
name=["zhang3","li4","wang5"]
name.append("gou6") #添加项
name.remove("gou6") #移除第一个匹配项，也可用del name[3]来移除
name.insert(3,"gou6") #插入项
name.index("gou6") #找出第一个匹配项的位置
name.extend(["gou6","xuan7"]) #扩展
name.pop(0) #返回列表的第一项值并从列表中删除之
2.列表函数：
>>> a=list("hi guys") #把字符串转换为列表
>>> print a
['h', 'i', ' ', 'g', 'u', 'y', 's']
>>> ''.join(a) #把列表还原成字符串
'hi guys'
>>> max(a) #取得列表的最大元素
'y'
>>> len(a) #取得列表长度
7
>>> min(a) #取得最小元素
' '
>>> tuple(a) #将列表转换为元组
('h', 'i', ' ', 'g', 'u', 'y', 's')
>>> sorted(a) #将列表元素排序
[' ', 'g', 'h', 'i', 's', 'u', 'y']
3.列表遍历：
A，使用for语句遍历
for each_item in name: print(each_item)
B，使用while语句遍历
i=0 while i < len(name): print(name[i]) i += 1
4.成员资格1：
>>> sub="hello, you are a bear"
>>> "bear" in sub
True
>>> "y" in sub
True
>>> raw_input("what's your name?") in sub
what's your name?bear
True
5.成员资格2：
database=[
["zhang3","0111"],
["li4","0112"],
["wang5","0113"]
]
username=raw_input("what's your user name?")
id=raw_input("what's your id?")
if [username,id] in database: print "access granted"
6.找出10以内的整数
s = [x for x in range(0, 10) if x % 2 == 0]
7.生成九九乘法表
s = [(x, y, x*y) for x in range(1, 10) for y in range(1,10) if x>=y]
字符串
1.获取字符串
name=raw_input("what's your name?")
print "Hello," + name + ".welcome to us"
注意：Pyhton3.x版本取消了raw_input，统一使用input
输出值：
print name + repr(x) #str用于把值转换为合理的字符串，repr创建一个字符串，返回值的字符串形式 #str是一种类型（和int一样），repr是函数
2.换行符用\n表示
原始字符串，以字符串前加一个r即可，如
print r"c:\nowindows\no" path="c:\nowindows\no"; print repr(path)
3.Unicode字符串
print u"redhat"
注意：Pyhton3.x版本所有字符串都是unicode字符串
定义字符串时，双引号和单引号都是可以用的，只不过用单引号的时候可以在字符串里面使用双引号
布尔值：
>>> bool('i love you')
True
>>> bool(42)
True
>>> bool(1)
True
>>> bool('0')
True
>>> bool(0)
False
>>> bool('')
False
4.字符串方法
>>> tag="<a href=http://www.baidu.com>baidu indexpage</a>"
>>> print tag[8:28] #字符串分片
http://www.baidu.com
>>> print tag[29:-4] #字符串分片
baidu indexpage
>>> tag.replace("www.baidu.com","home.sina.com") #字符串替换
'<a href=http://home.sina.com>baidu indexpage</a>'
>>> dirs=["","usr","bin","env"]
>>> "/".join(dirs) #将列表拼接成字符串
'/usr/bin/env'
>>> print ("C:" + "\\".join(dirs))
C:\usr\bin\env
>>> path="/usr/bin/env"
>>> path.split("/") #将字符串分割成列表
['', 'usr', 'bin', 'env']
5.其它字符串方法
>>> s=' I Love you! '
>>> s.lower() #转换字符串的小写
' i love you! '
>>> s.upper() #转换字符串的大写
' I LOVE YOU! '
>>> s.title() #换换字符串为标题（所有单词首字母大写）
' I Love You! '
>>> s.islower() #判断字符串是否为小写（也可判断大写和标题）
False
>>> s.strip() #去除首尾空格，lstrip去除左边空格，rstrip去除右边空格
'I Love you!'
>>> word=s.split() #分割
>>> word
['I', 'Love', 'you!']
>>> '::'.join(word) #合并
'I::Love::you!'
>>> s.count('o') #统计出现次数
2
>>> s.find('you') #查找位置，如果找不到，则返回-1
9
>>> s.startswith('python')
False
>>> s.replace('you','yours')
' I Love yours! '
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