Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial PHP实现利用MySQL保存session的方法_php技巧

PHP实现利用MySQL保存session的方法_php技巧

May 16, 2016 pm 08:37 PM
mysql php session keep

session是PHP程序设计中服务器端用来保存用户信息的一个变量,具有非常广泛的应用价值。本文实例讲述了PHP实现利用MySQL保存session的方法。分享给大家供大家参考之用。具体步骤如下:

本文实例的实现环境为:

PHP 5.4.24
MySQL 5.6.19
OS X 10.9.4/Apache 2.2.26

一、代码部分

1.SQL语句:

CREATE TABLE `session` (
 `skey` char(32) CHARACTER SET ascii NOT NULL,
 `data` text COLLATE utf8mb4_bin,
 `expire` int(11) NOT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (`skey`),
 KEY `index_session_expire` (`expire`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin;

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2.PHP部分代码:

<&#63;php
/*
 * 连接数据库所需的DNS、用户名、密码等,一般情况不会在代码中进行更改,
 * 所以使用常量的形式,可以避免在函数中引用而需要global。
 */
define('SESSION_DNS', 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=db;charset=utf8mb4');
define('SESSION_USR', 'usr');
define('SESSION_PWD', 'pwd');
define('SESSION_MAXLIFETIME', get_cfg_var('session.gc_maxlifetime'));

//创建PDO连接
//持久化连接可以提供更好的效率
function getConnection() {
  try {
    $conn = new PDO(SESSION_DNS, SESSION_USR, SESSION_PWD, array(
      PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT => TRUE,
      PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE => PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION,
      PDO::ATTR_EMULATE_PREPARES => FALSE
    ));
    return $conn;
  } catch (Exception $ex) {

  }
}

//自定义的session的open函数
function sessionMysqlOpen($savePath, $sessionName) {
  return TRUE;
}

//自定义的session的close函数
function sessionMysqlClose() {
  return TRUE;
}
/*
 * 由于一般不会把用户提交的数据直接保存到session,所以普通情况不存在注入问题。
 * 且处理session数据的SQL语句也不会多次使用。因此预处理功能的效益无法体现。
 * 所以,实际工程中可以不必教条的使用预处理功能。
 */
/*
 * sessionMysqlRead()函数中,首先通过SELECT count(*)来判断sessionID是否存在。
 * 由于MySQL数据库提供SELECT对PDOStatement::rowCount()的支持,
 * 因此,实际的工程中可以直接使用rowCount()进行判断。
 */
//自定义的session的read函数
//SQL语句中增加了“expire > time()”判断,用以避免读取过期的session。
function sessionMysqlRead($sessionId) {
  try {
    $dbh = getConnection();
    $time = time();
    $sql = 'SELECT count(*) AS `count` FROM session WHERE skey = &#63; and expire > &#63;';
    $stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);
    $stmt->execute(array($sessionId, $time));
    $data = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)['count'];
    if ($data = 0) {
      return '';
    }
    
    $sql = 'SELECT `data` FROM `session` WHERE `skey` = &#63; and `expire` > &#63;';
    $stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);
    $stmt->execute(array($sessionId, $time));
    $data = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)['data'];
    return $data;
  } catch (Exception $e) {
    return '';
  }
}

//自定义的session的write函数
//expire字段存储的数据为当前时间+session生命期,当这个值小于time()时表明session失效。
function sessionMysqlWrite($sessionId, $data) {
  try {
    $dbh = getConnection();
    $expire = time() + SESSION_MAXLIFETIME;

    $sql = 'INSERT INTO `session` (`skey`, `data`, `expire`) '
        . 'values (&#63;, &#63;, &#63;) '
        . 'ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE data = &#63;, expire = &#63;';
    $stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);
    $stmt->execute(array($sessionId, $data, $expire, $data, $expire));
  } catch (Exception $e) {
    echo $e->getMessage();
  }
}

//自定义的session的destroy函数
function sessionMysqlDestroy($sessionId) {
  try {
    $dbh = getConnection();
    $sql = 'DELETE FROM `session` where skey = &#63;';
    $stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);
    $stmt->execute(array($sessionId));
    return TRUE;
  } catch (Exception $e) {
    return FALSE;
  }
}

//自定义的session的gc函数
function sessionMysqlGc($lifetime) {
  try {
    $dbh = getConnection();
    $sql = 'DELETE FROM `session` WHERE expire < &#63;';
    $stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);
    $stmt->execute(array(time()));
    $dbh = NULL;
    return TRUE;
  } catch (Exception $e) {
    return FALSE;
  }
}

//自定义的session的session id设置函数
/*
 * 由于在session_start()之前,SID和session_id()均无效,
 * 故使用$_GET[session_name()]和$_COOKIE[session_name()]进行检测。
 * 如果此两者均为空,则表明session尚未建立,需要为新session设置session id。
 * 通过MySQL数据库获取uuid作为session id可以更好的避免session id碰撞。
 */
function sessionMysqlId() {
  if (filter_input(INPUT_GET, session_name()) == '' and
      filter_input(INPUT_COOKIE, session_name()) == '') {
    try {
      $dbh = getConnection();
      $stmt = $dbh->query('SELECT uuid() AS uuid');
      $data = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)['uuid'];
      $data = str_replace('-', '', $data);
      session_id($data);
      return TRUE;
    } catch (Exception $ex) {
      return FALSE;
    }
  }
}

//session启动函数,包括了session_start()及其之前的所有步骤。
function startSession() {
  session_set_save_handler(
      'sessionMysqlOpen',
      'sessionMysqlClose',
      'sessionMysqlRead',
      'sessionMysqlWrite',
      'sessionMysqlDestroy',
      'sessionMysqlGc');
  register_shutdown_function('session_write_close');
  sessionMysqlId();
  session_start();
}

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二、简介

1.使用MySQL保存session,需要保存三个关键性的数据:session id、session数据、session生命期。

2.考虑到session的使用方式,没必要使用InnoDB引擎,MyISAM引擎可以获得更好的性能。如果环境允许,可以尝试使用MEMORY引擎。

3.保存session数据的列,有需要的话,可以使用utf8或utf8mb4字符集;保存session id的列则没有必要,一般情况使用ascii字符集就可以了,可以节约存储成本。

4.保存session生命期的列,可以根据工程需要进行设计。比如datetime类型、timestamp类型、int类型。对于datetime、int类型可以保存session生成时间或过期时间。

5.如果有必要可以扩展session表的列并修改读、写函数以支持(维护)相关列来保存诸如用户名等信息。

6.当前版本,只要通过session_set_save_handler注册自定义的会话维护函数就可以,不需要在其之前使用session_module_name('user')函数。

7.当read函数获取数据并返回,PHP会自动对其进行反序列化,一般情况请不要对数据进行更改。

8.PHP传递给write函数的date参数是序列化之后的session数据,直接保存即可,一般情况请不要对数据进行更改。

9.按照本段代码的逻辑,PHP配置选项关于会话生命期的设置已经不再有效,这个值可以自行维护,不一定需要通过get_cfg_var获取。

10.sessionMysqlId()函数是为了避免大用户量、多台Web服务器情况下的碰撞,一般情况PHP自动生成的session id是可以满足用户要求的。

三、需求

当用户量非常大,需要多台服务器提供应用的时候,使用MySQL存储会话相对使用会话文件具有一定的优越性。比如具有最小的存储开销,比如可以避免文件共享带来的复杂性,比如可以更好的避免发生碰撞,比如相比会话文件共享具有更好的性能。总体上来说,当访问量剧增的时候,如果使用数据库保存会话带来的问题是线性增长的,那么使用会话文件带来的问题几乎是爆炸性的。好吧,换一个更直白的说法吧:如果您的应用用户量不大,其实让PHP自己处理session就好了,没必要考虑MySQL

四、参考函数及概念部分:

1 http://cn2.php.net/manual/zh/function.session-set-save-handler.php
2 http://cn2.php.net/manual/zh/session.idpassing.php
3 http://cn2.php.net/manual/zh/pdo.connections.php
4 http://cn2.php.net/manual/zh/pdo.prepared-statements.php
5 http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/zh/sql-syntax.html#insert

希望本文所述实例对大家PHP程序设计有所帮助。

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