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PHP中CURL的CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS参数使用细节_php技巧

May 17, 2016 am 08:47 AM
curl php

在通常情况下,我们使用 CURL 来提交 POST 数据的时候,我们已经习惯了这样的写法:

复制代码 代码如下:
curl_setopt( $ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,$post_data);

但是这样的写法在有时候并不会很好用,可能会得到服务器返回的 500 错误。但是我们尝试在使用 Socket 方式向服务器提交数据的时候,我们会得到非常正确的结果。
例如我们在服务器上面存在一个如下的 PHP 文件:
复制代码 代码如下:

当我们采用 CURL 在不注意细节的前提下向服务器发送一些数据,我们可能得到下面这样的结果,这不是我们理想中的结果:
复制代码 代码如下:
[CONTENT_TYPE] => multipart/form-data; boundary=—————————-f924413ea122

但是如果我们在采用 http_build_query($post_data) 来替代 $post_data 再向这个 PHP 脚本提交数据的时候,我们就会得到和上面不同的结果,这才是我们理想中的结果:
复制代码 代码如下:
[CONTENT_TYPE] => application/x-www-form-urlencoded

从上面这个例子中不难看出,使用 CURL 并且参数为数据时,向服务器提交数据的时候,HTTP头会发送Content_type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded。这个是正常的网页
提交表单时,浏览器发送的头部。而 multipart/form-data 我们知道这是用于上传文件的表单。包括了 boundary 分界符,会多出很多字节。
官方的手册上是这样说的:
复制代码 代码如下:
The full data to post in a HTTP “POST” operation. To post a file, prepend a filename with @ and use the full path. This can either be passed as a urlencoded string like ‘para1=val1¶2=val2&…' or as an array with the field name as key and field data as value. If value is an array, the Content-Type header will be set to multipart/form-data.

使用数组提供 post 数据时,CURL 组件大概是为了兼容 @filename 这种上传文件的写法,默认把 content_type 设为了 multipart/form-data。虽然对于大多数服务器并没有影响,但是还是有少部分服务器不兼容。
经过一番总结最终得出结论:在没有需要上传文件的情况下,尽量对 post 提交的数据进行 http_build_query 处理,然后再发送出去,能实现更好的兼容性,更小的请求数据包。
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