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PHP的password_hash()使用实例_php实例

May 17, 2016 am 08:47 AM
password_hash php

一、前言
PHP5.5提供了许多新特性及Api函数,其中之一就是Password Hashing API(创建和校验哈希密码)。
它包含4个函数:password_get_info()、password_hash()、password_needs_rehash()、password_verify()。
在PHP5.5之前,我们对于密码的加密可能更多的是采用md5或sha1之类的加密方式(没人像CSDN那样存明文吧。。),如:
echo md5("123456"); //输出: e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e
但是简单的md5加密很容易通过字典的方式进行破解,随便找个md5解密的网站就能获取原始密码。
二、Password Hashing API
php5.5提供的Password Hashing API就能很好的解决这些问题。
我们先来看password_hash()函数:

复制代码 代码如下:
string password_hash ( string $password , integer $algo [, array $options ])

它有三个参数:密码、哈希算法、选项。前两项为必须的。
让我们使用password_hash()简单的创建一个哈希密码:
复制代码 代码如下:
$pwd = "123456";
$hash = password_hash($pwd, PASSWORD_DEFAULT);
echo $hash;

上例输出结果类似:$2y$10$4kAu4FNGuolmRmSSHgKEMe3DbG5pm3diikFkiAKNh.Sf1tPbB4uo2
并且刷新页面该哈希值也会不断的变化。
哈希值创建完毕,我们可以用password_verify()来校验密码是否和哈希值匹配:
复制代码 代码如下:
boolean password_verify ( string $password , string $hash )

它接收2个参数:密码和哈希值,并返回布尔值。检查之前生成的哈希值是否和密码匹配:

复制代码 代码如下:
if (password_verify($pwd,'$2y$10$4kAu4FNGuolmRmSSHgKEMe3DbG5pm3diikFkiAKNh.Sf1tPbB4uo2')) { 

    echo "密码正确";
} else { 
    echo "密码错误";
}

基本上使用以上这2个函数就能安全的创建和校验hash密码了,还有另外2个API函数:

复制代码 代码如下:
password_get_info()              //查看哈希值的相关信息
password_needs_rehash()     //检查一个hash值是否是使用特定算法及选项创建的

三、点评
虽然通过password_hash()创建的哈希密码更加安全,但是却降低了互操作性。
如我们使用md5方式,在php中用标准的MD5加密,很容易通过其他语言来校验,如node.js:
复制代码 代码如下:
var hash = crypto.createHash('md5').update("123456").digest('hex');
if(hash == "e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e")  console.log('密码正确');

而使用password_hash()加密的哈希值基本只能通过PHP的password_verify来校验。
这2种方法各有优劣,是使用md5(或sha1等)+salt(干扰字符串)的方式还是使用password_hash()大家根据具体情况取舍把。
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