curl实现站外采集的方法和技巧_php技巧
选择curl的理由
关于curl与file_get_contents,摘抄一段通俗易懂的对比:
file_get_contents其实是一堆内置的文件操作函数的合并版本,比如file_exists,fopen,fread,fclose,专门提供给懒人用的,而且它主要是用来对付本地文件的,但又是因为懒人的原因,同时加入了对网络文件的支持;
curl是专门用来进行网络交互的库,提供了一堆自定义选项,用来应对不同的环境,稳定性自然要大于file_get_contents。
使用方法
1、开启curl支持
由于php环境安装后默认是没有打开curl支持的,需修改php.ini文件,找到;extension=php_curl.dll,把前面的冒号去掉,重启服务即可;
2、使用curl进行数据抓取
// 初始化一个 cURL 对象
$curl = curl_init();
// 设置你需要抓取的URL
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_URL, 'http://www.cmx8.cn');
// 设置header
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_HEADER, 1);
// 设置cURL 参数,要求结果保存到字符串中还是输出到屏幕上。
curl_setopt($curl, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
// 运行cURL,请求网页
$data = curl_exec($curl);
// 关闭URL请求
curl_close($curl);
3、通过正则匹配找到关键数据
//$data是curl_exec返回的的值,即采集的目标内容
preg_match_all("/
foreach($out as $key => $value){
//此处$value是数组,同时记录找到带匹配字符的整句和单独匹配的字符
echo '匹配到的整句:'.$value[0].'
';
echo '单独匹配到的:'.$value[1].'
';
}
技巧
1、超时的相关设置
通过curl_setopt($ch, opt) 可以设置一些超时的设置,主要包括:
CURLOPT_TIMEOUT 设置cURL允许执行的最长秒数。
CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS 设置cURL允许执行的最长毫秒数。 (在cURL 7.16.2中被加入。从PHP 5.2.3起可使用。 )
CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT 在发起连接前等待的时间,如果设置为0,则无限等待。
CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT_MS 尝试连接等待的时间,以毫秒为单位。如果设置为0,则无限等待。 在cURL 7.16.2中被加入。从PHP 5.2.3开始可用。
CURLOPT_DNS_CACHE_TIMEOUT 设置在内存中保存DNS信息的时间,默认为120秒。
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, 60); //只需要设置一个秒的数量就可以
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, 1); //注意,毫秒超时一定要设置这个
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS, 200); //超时毫秒,cURL 7.16.2中被加入。从PHP 5.2.3起可使用
2、通过post提交数据,保留cookie
//以下摘抄一个例子过来,用于学习借鉴:
//Curl 模拟登录 discuz 程序,适合DZ7.0
!extension_loaded('curl') && die('The curl extension is not loaded.');
$discuz_url = 'http://www.lxvoip.com';//论坛地址
$login_url = $discuz_url .'/logging.php?action=login';//登录页地址
$get_url = $discuz_url .'/my.php?item=threads'; //我的帖子
$post_fields = array();
//以下两项不需要修改
$post_fields['loginfield'] = 'username';
$post_fields['loginsubmit'] = 'true';
//用户名和密码,必须填写
$post_fields['username'] = 'lxvoip';
$post_fields['password'] = '88888888';
//安全提问
$post_fields['questionid'] = 0;
$post_fields['answer'] = '';
//@todo验证码
$post_fields['seccodeverify'] = '';
//获取表单FORMHASH
$ch = curl_init($login_url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
$contents = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
preg_match('//i', $contents, $matches);
if(!empty($matches)) {
$formhash = $matches[1];
} else {
die('Not found the forumhash.');
}
//POST数据,获取COOKIE
$cookie_file = dirname(__FILE__) . '/cookie.txt';
//$cookie_file = tempnam('/tmp');
$ch = curl_init($login_url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POST, 1);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, $post_fields);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEJAR, $cookie_file);
curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
//带着上面得到的COOKIE获取需要登录后才能查看的页面内容
$ch = curl_init($get_url);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_HEADER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, 0);
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_COOKIEFILE, $cookie_file);
$contents = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);
var_dump($contents);

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