nginx study notes 1 Use nginx to build a simple HTTP server

nginx, as a lightweight http server, can handle high concurrent http requests well. At the same time, it can also be configured as an http proxy server. As a newbie in backend development, with such an excellent open source server in front of me, I have to do some research and learn something to be reliable!

Of course, the first step in learning nginx is to learn how to use it.

1 Install nginx

First, download the source code from the official website http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.8.0.tar.gz, unzip it and enter the nginx-1.8.0 directory.

nginx relies on the pcre library, so you also need to download the pcre source code.

Extract the pcre source code to nginx-1.8.0/3rdparty/pcre-8.32, and then execute

<code>./configure --with-http_ssl_module --with-pcre=./3rdparty/pcre-8.32/
./make
./sudo make install
</code>

in the root directory to complete the installation. The default installation directory is /usr/local/nginx.
During the installation process, you may be prompted that the openssl library is missing. You can directly apt-get install.

2 Configure nginx

Before using nginx, first create an nginx directory under /home/bookxiao/ to store resource files, and then create soft connections to conf, sbin and logs under /usr/local/nginx to avoid Switch directories frequently.

<code>bookxiao<span>@ubuntuforfun</span><span>:~/nginx</span><span>$ </span>ls
bin  conf  data  logs</code>

nginx’s configuration file is located under conf/ and is named nginx.conf. The basic unit that makes up the configuration file is a piece of "directives". The instructions consist of three parts: name, parameter attributes, and the ':' at the end. In addition, some instructions will be surrounded by { } to form a block; if the block contains some instructions, then the block is also called a "context".

All instructions in the configuration file are either within a certain context or not included in any context (that is, located in the main context), which is somewhat similar to global variables in C.

For example, a simple configuration file looks like this:

<code>bookxiao<span>@ubuntuforfun</span><span>:~/nginx/conf</span><span>$ </span>cat nginx.conf
<span>#user  nobody;</span>
worker_processes  <span>1</span>;

events {
    worker_connections  <span>1024</span>;
}

http {
    server {
        listen       <span>80</span>;
        server_name  localhost;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        location /images {
            root /home/bookxiao/nginx/data;
        }
    }
}</code>

event, http, server are all "context"; the instruction "worker_processes 1;" is located in the main context.

To simply test the functionality of nginx, first take a look at how to configure the server{} block. In nginx, each server block represents an HTTP service, and different servers have different ports and server_names.

Suppose we now have an image, and the storage path is ~/nginx/data/images/nginx study notes 1 Use nginx to build a simple HTTP server.jpg.

Now we want to enter http://127.0.0.1/images/nginx study notes 1 Use nginx to build a simple HTTP server.jpg in the browser, it will look like this:

Look carefully at the configuration file above and see that there is a location The block is defined like this:

<code>        location /images {
            root /home/bookxiao/nginx/<span><span>data</span>;</span>
        }</code>

The "/images" followed by locations is used to prefix match the client's URL request. If it matches, then the root value is added to the front end of the URL to form a new URL to go to the file. The system looks for resource files.
For example, the original URL here is "/images/nginx study notes 1 Use nginx to build a simple HTTP server.jpg", then the final URL is "/home/bookxiao/nginx/data/images/nginx study notes 1 Use nginx to build a simple HTTP server.jpg".

What if there are multiple locations matching a certain URL? The strategy of nginx is to select the location with the longest matching value.

So, we can add such a server:

<code>    server {
        listen          <span>9999</span>;
        server_name     localhost_test;

        location /images {
            root /home/bookxiao/nginx/<span><span>data</span>/test;</span>
        }
    }</code>

and then execute sudo nginx -s reload to reload the configuration file. Then we create a new test/images/ directory under data/. In this way, we enter http://127.0.0.1:9999/images/nginx study notes 1 Use nginx to build a simple HTTP server.img in the browser. Then we will see:

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