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Three major ways to handle cross-domain ajax processing in jquery_jquery
Three major ways to handle cross-domain ajax processing in jquery_jquery
由于JS同源策略的影响，因此js只能访问同域名下的文档。因此要实现跨域，一般有以下几个方法：
一、处理跨域的方式：
1.代理
2.XHR2
HTML5中提供的XMLHTTPREQUEST Level2（及XHR2）已经实现了跨域访问。但ie10以下不支持
只需要在服务端填上响应头：
header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin:*");
/*星号表示所有的域都可以接受，*/
header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods:GET,POST");
3.jsonP
原理：
ajax本身是不可以跨域的，
通过产生一个script标签来实现跨域。因为script标签的src属性是没有跨域的限制的。
其实设置了dataType: 'jsonp'后，$.ajax方法就和ajax XmlHttpRequest没什么关系了，取而代之的则是JSONP协议。JSONP是一个非官方的协议，它允许在服务器端集成Script tags返回至客户端，通过javascript callback的形式实现跨域访问。
ajax的跨域写法：
（其余写法和不跨域的一样）：
比如
/*当前网址是localhost:3000*/
js代码
$.ajax({
type:"get",
url:"http://localhost:3000/showAll",/*url写异域的请求地址*/
dataType:"jsonp",/*加上datatype*/
jsonpCallback:"cb",/*设置一个回调函数，名字随便取，和下面的函数里的名字相同就行*/
success:function(){
。。。
}
});
/*而在异域服务器上，*/
app.js
app.get('/showAll',students.showAll);/*这和不跨域的写法相同*/
/*在异域服务器的showAll函数里，*/
var db = require("./database");
exports.showAll = function(req,res){
/**设置响应头允许ajax跨域访问**/
res.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Origin","*");
/*星号表示所有的异域请求都可以接受，*/
res.setHeader("Access-Control-Allow-Methods","GET,POST");
var con = db.getCon();
con.query("select * from t_students",function(error,rows){
if(error){
console.log("数据库出错："+error);
}else{
/*注意这里，返回的就是jsonP的回调函数名+数据了*/
res.send("cb("+JSON.stringify(r)+")");
}
});
}
二、解决ajax跨域访问、 JQuery 的跨域方法
JS的跨域问题，我想很多程序员的脑海里面还认为JS是不能跨域的，其实这是一个错误的观点；有很多人在网上找其解决方法，教其用IFRAME去解决的文章很多，真有那么复杂吗？其实很简单的，如果你用JQUERY，一个GETJSON方法就搞定了，而且是一行代码搞定。
下面开始贴出方法。
//跨域（可跨所有域名）
$.getJSON("http://user.hnce.com.cn/getregion.aspx?id=0&jsoncallback=?",function(json){
//要求远程请求页面的数据格式为： ?(json_data) //例如： //?([{"_name":"湖南省","_regionId":134},{"_name":"北京市","_regionId":143}]) alert(json[0]._name);
});
$.getJSON("http://user.hnce.com.cn/getregion.aspx?id=0&jsoncallback=?",function(json){
//要求远程请求页面的数据格式为： ?(json_data) //例如： //?([{"_name":"湖南省","_regionId":134},{"_name":"北京市","_regionId":143}]) alert(json[0]._name);
});
注意，getregion.aspx中，在输出JSON数据时，一定要用Request.QueryString["jsoncallback"]，将获取的内容放到返回JSON数据的前面，假设实际获取的值为42342348，那么返回的值就是 42342348([{"_name":"湖南省","_regionId":134},{"_name":"北京市","_regionId":143}])
因为getJSON跨域的原理是把？随机变一个方法名，然后返回执行的，实现跨域响应的目的。
下面一个是跨域执行的真实例子：
<script src="http://common.cnblogs.com/script/jquery.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
//跨域（可跨所有域名）
$.getJSON("http://e.hnce.com.cn/tools/ajax.aspx?jsoncallback=?", { id: 0, action: 'jobcategoryjson' }, function(json) { alert(json[0].pid); alert(json[0].items[0]._name); });
</script>
<script src="http://common.cnblogs.com/script/jquery.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
//跨域（可跨所有域名）
$.getJSON("http://e.hnce.com.cn/tools/ajax.aspx?jsoncallback=?", { id: 0, action: 'jobcategoryjson' }, function(json) { alert(json[0].pid); alert(json[0].items[0]._name); });
</script>
jQuery跨域原理:
浏览器会进行同源检查,这导致了跨域问题,然而这个跨域检查还有一个例外那就是HTML的
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