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Detailed explanation of filter usage in AngularJS_AngularJS

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Release: 2016-05-16 15:22:04
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系统的学习了一下angularjs,发现angularjs的有些思想根php的模块smarty很像,例如数据绑定,filter。如果对smarty比较熟悉的话,学习angularjs会比较容易一点。这篇简单说一下angularjs的filter功能,angularjs的filter功能可分为二种,一种是内置的过滤器,一种是自定义的。

一,内置的过滤器
1,uppercase,lowercase大小转换

{{ "lower cap string" | uppercase }}   //结果:LOWER CAP STRING 
{{ "TANK is GOOD" | lowercase }}     //结果:tank is good
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|这里的竖线是一种管道功能,如果对linux比较熟悉的话,这块的|根linux的管道功能,基本是一样的
2,json格式化

{{ {foo: "bar", baz: 23} | json }}  //结果:{ "foo": "bar", "baz": 23 } 
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注意:bza没格式前是没有双引号的,格式化后就转换成了json数据了。
3,date格式化

{{ 1304375948024 | date }}             //结果:May 3, 2011 
{{ 1304375948024 | date:"MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma" }}   //结果:05/03/2011 @ 6:39AM 
{{ 1304375948024 | date:"yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss" }}  //结果:2011-05-03 06:39:08 
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4,number格式化

{{ 1.234567 | number:1 }}  //结果:1.2 
{{ 1234567 | number }}    //结果:1,234,567 
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5,currency货币格式化

{{ 250 | currency }}         //结果:$250.00 
{{ 250 | currency:"RMB ¥ " }}    //结果:RMB ¥ 250.00 
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6,filter查找

{{ [{"age": 20,"id": 10,"name": "iphone"}, 
{"age": 12,"id": 11,"name": "sunm xing"}, 
{"age": 44,"id": 12,"name": "test abc"} 
] | filter:'s'}}  //查找含有有s的行 
 
//上例结果:[{"age":12,"id":11,"name":"sunm xing"},{"age":44,"id":12,"name":"test abc"}] 
 
{{ [{"age": 20,"id": 10,"name": "iphone"}, 
{"age": 12,"id": 11,"name": "sunm xing"}, 
{"age": 44,"id": 12,"name": "test abc"} 
] | filter:{'name':'iphone'} }}  //查找name为iphone的行 
 
//上例结果:[{"age":20,"id":10,"name":"iphone"}] 
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7,limitTo字符串,对像的截取

{{ "i love tank" | limitTo:6 }}      //结果:i love 
{{ "i love tank" | limitTo:-4 }}     //结果:tank 
 
{{ [{"age": 20,"id": 10,"name": "iphone"}, 
{"age": 12,"id": 11,"name": "sunm xing"}, 
{"age": 44,"id": 12,"name": "test abc"} 
] | limitTo:1 }}   //结果:[{"age":20,"id":10,"name":"iphone"}] 
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8,orderBy对像排序

{{ [{"age": 20,"id": 10,"name": "iphone"}, 
{"age": 12,"id": 11,"name": "sunm xing"}, 
{"age": 44,"id": 12,"name": "test abc"} 
] | orderBy:'id':true }}    //根id降序排 
 
{{ [{"age": 20,"id": 10,"name": "iphone"}, 
{"age": 12,"id": 11,"name": "sunm xing"}, 
{"age": 44,"id": 12,"name": "test abc"} 
] | orderBy:'id' }}      //根据id升序排 

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二,自定filter功能
我找了一个基本angularjs的mvc框架,phonecat,自定义filter也是在这基础写的,这个框架挺好用的。
1,filters.js添加一个module

angular.module('tanktest', []).filter('tankreplace', function() { 
  return function(input) { 
    return input.replace(/tank/, "=====") 
  }; 
}); 
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2,app.js中加载这个module

var phonecatApp = angular.module('phonecatApp', [ 
 'ngRoute', 
 'phonecatControllers', 
 'facebookControllers', 
 'tanktest' 
]); 
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3,html中调用

{{ "TANK is GOOD" | lowercase |tankreplace}}  //结果:===== is good 
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注意:| lowercase |tankreplace管道命令可以有多个

三、filter的两种使用方法
  1. 在模板中使用filter
  我们可以直接在{{}}中使用filter,跟在表达式后面用 | 分割,语法如下:

{{ expression | filter }}
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  也可以多个filter连用,上一个filter的输出将作为下一个filter的输入(怪不得这货长的跟管道一个样。。)

{{ expression | filter1 | filter2 | ... }}
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  filter可以接收参数,参数用 : 进行分割,如下:

{{ expression | filter:argument1:argument2:... }}
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  除了对{{}}中的数据进行格式化,我们还可以在指令中使用filter,例如先对数组array进行过滤处理,然后再循环输出:

<span ng-repeat="a in array | filter ">

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  2. 在controller和service中使用filter
  我们的js代码中也可以使用过滤器,方式就是我们熟悉的依赖注入,例如我要在controller中使用currency过滤器,只需将它注入到该controller中即可,代码如下:

app.controller('testC',function($scope,currencyFilter){
  $scope.num = currencyFilter(123534); 
}
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  在模板中使用{{num}}就可以直接输出$123,534.00了!在服务中使用filter也是同样的道理。

  此时你可能会有疑惑,如果我要在controller中使用多个filter,难道要一个一个注入吗,这岂不太费劲了?小兄弟莫着急~ng提供了一个$filter服务可以来调用所需的filter,你只需注入一个$filter就够了,使用方法如下:

app.controller('testC',function($scope,$filter){
  $scope.num = $filter('currency')(123534);
  $scope.date = $filter('date')(new Date()); 
}
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  可以达到同样的效果。好处是你可以方便使用不同的filter了。

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