php composer uses

Aug 08, 2016 am 09:30 AM
composer monolog php quot

Composer-PHP中用来管理依赖(dependency)

定义

  1. composer是PHP中用来管理依赖(dependency)关系的工具。你可以在自己的项目中声明所依赖的外部工具库(libraries),Composer会帮你安装这些依赖的库文件。
  2. Composer 需要PHP5.3.2+ 以上的环境来运行。有几个敏感的PHP设置和编译标志也是必需的,但安装程序会发出警告当存在任何不兼容的情况。
  3. Composer 是兼容多平台的,其运行适用于Windows,Linux和OSX。

    安装

  4. linux

    • curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | PHP
    • 你可以通过 --install-dir 选项指定 Composer 的安装目录(它可以是一个绝对或相对路径)
    • 全局安装
      mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer
      现在只需要运行 composer 命令就可以使用 Composer 而不需要输入 php composer.phar。
  5. windows
    下载 https://getcomposer.org/Composer-Setup.exe
    windows可能需要设置composer的环境变量
  6. composer -V 查看版本号
    composer -help 查看命令帮助
  7. 参考文献
    http://docs.phpcomposer.com/
  8. composer 中国镜像的使用
    http://pkg.phpcomposer.com/

    composer.json 文件说明

  9. require key

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    <code>{

        "require": {

            "monolog/monolog": "1.0.*"

        }

    }</code>

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    • require 需要一个 包名称 (例如 monolog/monolog) 映射到 包版本 (例如 1.0.*) 的对象。
    • 包名称由供应商名称和其项目名称构成
  10. 版本运算符

    • 确切版本 1.0.2
    • 通配符 1.0.* 1.0的所有版本
    • 范围 >、>=、<、<=、!= ,你可以定义多个范围,用逗号隔开,这将被视为一个逻辑AND处理。一个管道符号|将作为逻辑OR处理。
    • 赋值运算符 ~1.2,~1.2相当于>=1.2,<2.0, 允许1.2以上的任何版本,但不包括2.0。你还会看到它的另一种用法,使用 ~ 指定最低版本,但允许版本号的最后一位数字上升。
  11. 执行安装 php composer.phar install

    • 接着前面的例子,这将会找到 monolog/monolog 的最新版本,并将它下载到 vendor 目录。 这是一个惯例把第三方的代码到一个指定的目录 vendor。如果是 monolog 将会创建 vendor/monolog/monolog 目录。
    • 另一件事是 install 命令将创建一个 composer.lock 文件到你项目的根目录中。
    • 如果你正在使用Git来管理你的项目, 你可能要添加 vendor 到你的 .gitignore 文件中。 你不会希望将所有的代码都添加到你的版本库中。
  12. composer.lock - 锁文件

    • 在安装依赖后,Composer 将把安装时确切的版本号列表写入 composer.lock 文件。这将锁定改项目的特定版本。
    • 使用 update 命令。这将获取最新匹配的版本(根据你的 composer.json 文件)并将新版本更新进锁文件。php composer.phar update
    • 如果只想安装或更新一个依赖,你可以白名单它们:
      php composer.phar update monolog/monolog [...]
  13. 自动加载

    • 对于库的自动加载信息,Composer 生成了一个 vendor/autoload.php 文件。你可以简单的引入这个文件,你会得到一个免费的自动加载支持。
      require 'vendor/autoload.php';
    • 你可以在 composer.json 的 autoload 字段中增加自己的 autoloader。

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      <code>{

          "autoload": {

              "psr-4": {"Acme\\": "src/"}

          }

      }</code>

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    • 你可以定义一个从命名空间到目录的映射。此时 src 会在你项目的根目录,与 vendor 文件夹同级。例如 src/Foo.php 文件应该包含 Acme\Foo 类。
      添加 autoload 字段后,你应该再次运行 install 命令来生成 vendor/autoload.php 文件。
    • 引用这个文件也将返回 autoloader 的实例,你可以将包含调用的返回值存储在变量中,并添加更多的命名空间。这对于在一个测试套件中自动加载类文件是非常有用的,例如。

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      <code>$loader = require &#39;vendor/autoload.php&#39;;

      $loader->add('Acme\\Test\\', __DIR__);

      <p>使用示例</p>

      </li>

      </ul>

      </li>

      <li>基本命令的使用<br>

      </li>

      <li>

      <p>一个最小化的composer.json,切换到项目目录,新建一个composer.json</p>

      <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false"><code>{

          "require-dev": {

              "phpunit/phpunit": "4.3.*"

          }

      }</code>

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    • 执行 composer install

      • 会创建vendor目录,里面就是相关的代码。
      • 会创建composer.lock文件
      • 会生成 vendor/autoload.php 是自动加载的php文件

以上就介绍了php composer使用,包括了方面的内容,希望对PHP教程有兴趣的朋友有所帮助。

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