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php setcookie(name, value, expires, path, domain, secure) 参数详解_php技巧

May 17, 2016 am 08:57 AM
php setcookie parameter

setcookie() 定义一个和其余的 HTTP 标头一起发送的 cookie。和其它标头一样,cookie 必须在脚本的任何其它输出之前发送(这是协议限制)。这需要将本函数的调用放到任何输出之前,包括 和 标签以及任何空格。如果在调用 setcookie() 之前有任何输出,本函数将失败并返回 FALSE。如果 setcookie() 函数成功运行,将返回 TRUE。这并不说明用户是否接受了 cookie。
函数定义:
bool setcookie ( string name [, string value [, int expire [, string path [, string domain [, bool secure]]]]] )
setcookie() 参数详解
参数        说明 举例
name cookie的名字 使用 $_COOKIE['cookiename'] 调用名为 cookiename 的 cookie。
value cookie的值,存放在客户端,不要存放敏感数据 假定 name 是 'cookiename',可以通过$_COOKIE['cookiename'] 取得其值。
expire

Cookie 过期的时间。这是个 Unix 时间戳,即从 Unix 纪元开始的秒数。  

换而言之,通常用 time() 函数再加上秒数来设定 cookie 的失效期。

或者用mktime()来实现。

time()+60*60*24*30 将设定 cookie 30 天后失效。

如果未设定,cookie 将会在会话结束后(一般是浏览器关闭)失效。

path Cookie 在服务器端的有效路径。

如果该参数设为 '/' 的话,cookie 就在整个 domain 内有效,

如果设为 '/foo/',cookie 就只在 domain 下的 /foo/ 目录及其子目录内有效,例如 /foo/bar/

默认值为设定 cookie 的当前目录。

domain 该 cookie 有效的域名。

要使 cookie 能在如 example.com 域名下的所有子域都有效的话,该参数应该设为 '.example.com'

虽然 . 并不必须的,但加上它会兼容更多的浏览器。

如果该参数设为www.example.com 的话,就只在 www 子域内有效。

细节见Cookie 规范中的 tail matching。

secure

指明 cookie 是否仅通过安全的 HTTPS 连接传送。

当设成 TRUE 时,cookie 仅在安全的连接中被设置。默认值为FALSE

0 或 1

例子 1. setcookie() 发送例子
复制代码 代码如下:

$value = 'something from somewhere';
setcookie("TestCookie", $value);
setcookie("TestCookie", $value,time()+3600);  /* expire in 1 hour */
setcookie("TestCookie", $value,time()+3600, "/~rasmus/", ".utoronto.ca", 1); 

注意 cookie 中值的部分在发送的时候会被自动用 urlencode 编码并在接收到的时候被自动解码并把值赋给与自己同名的 cookie 变量。如果不想这样并且在使用 PHP 5 的话,可以用 setrawcookie() 来代替。下面这个简单的例子可以得到刚才所设定的 cookie 的值:
复制代码 代码如下:

// 输出单独的 cookie
echo $_COOKIE["TestCookie"];
echo $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS["TestCookie"];
// 另一个调试的方法就是输出所有的 cookie
print_r($_COOKIE);
?>

要删除 cookie 需要确保它的失效期是在过去,才能触发浏览器的删除机制。下面的例子说明了如何删除刚才设置的 cookie:
例子 2. setcookie() 删除例子
复制代码 代码如下:

// 将过期时间设为一小时前
setcookie("TestCookie", "", time() - 3600);
setcookie("TestCookie", "", time() - 3600, "/~rasmus/", ".utoronto.ca", 1); 

也可以通过在 cookie 名称中使用数组符号来设定数组 cookie,可以设定多个 cookie 作为数组单元,在脚本提取 cookie 时所有的值都放在一个数组种:
例子 3. setcookie() 中使用数组的例子
复制代码 代码如下:

// 设定 cookie
setcookie("cookie[three]", "cookiethree");
setcookie("cookie[two]", "cookietwo");
setcookie("cookie[one]", "cookieone");
// 刷新页面后,显示出来
if (isset($_COOKIE['cookie'])) {
    foreach ($_COOKIE['cookie'] as $name => $value) {
        echo "$name : $value
\n";
    }
}
?>

上例将输出:
three : cookiethree
two : cookietwo
one : cookieone

总结:cookie的基本使用不难,这篇文章记录的重点主要是掌握path的路径设置和domain的域名设置。


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