Table of Contents
一、浏览器默认样式总结
(一)、标签自带样式
 (二)、浏览默认样式类
二、css初始化程序
Home Web Front-end HTML Tutorial Browser default tag style summary and css initialization program

Browser default tag style summary and css initialization program

Sep 13, 2016 am 08:45 AM

  html中的大部分的标签都有一些糟糕的样式,有的是标签天然自带的,有的是浏览器默认设置的,我们在写网页时,这些默认的样式就会时不时的跳出来捣一下乱,搞得我们很是无奈。所以成手在写css样式时,一般都会在开头写一段初始化程序,来去掉这些默认样式,比如最简单的方法就是使用*{margin:0;padding:0;}。但是通常我们很少使用这种方法,因为通配符*的效率极低。那我们应该使用哪种方法呢,下面博主就来为大家介绍一些常用的方法。

一、浏览器默认样式总结

  在介绍初始化程序之前,我们先了解一下都有那些标签被设置了哪些默认样式,只有了解清楚了这些,我们才能更好的对标签样式初始化。

(一)、标签自带样式

//块级元素
html, body,  div,ol, p, ul,  h1, h2,h3,h4,h5, h6, 
address,blockquote, form,
dd,dl, dt, fieldset, frame, frameset,noframes,center, dir, hr, menu, pre   
{ display: block }

//列表元素类
li{ display:list-item }
ol{list-style-type: decimal }
ol ul, ul ol,ul ul, ol ol  { margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0 }
ol, ul{ margin-left: 40px }

//预格式文本类
i, cite, em,var, address{ font-style: italic }
big{ font-size:1.17em }
small, sub, sup{ font-size: .83em }
sub{ vertical-align:sub }
sup{ vertical-align:super }
s, strike, del{ text-decoration: line-through }
u, ins{ text-decoration:underline }

//标题类 
h1{ font-size:2em; margin: .67em 0 }
h2{ font-size:1.5em; margin: .75em 0 }
h3{ font-size:1.17em; margin: .83em 0 }
h4, p,blockquote, ul,fieldset, form,ol, dl, dir,menu { margin: 1.12em 0}
h5 { font-size:.83em; margin: 1.5em 0 }
h6{ font-size:.75em; margin: 1.67em 0 }
h1, h2, h3, h4,h5, h6, b,strong  { font-weight: bolder }


//伪类
br:before{ content: ”\A” }
:before, :after{ white-space: pre-line }
:link, :visited { text-decoration: underline }
:focus{ outline: thin dotted invert }

//表格类
table{ display: table }
tr{ display:table-row }
thead{ display:table-header-group }
tbody{ display:table-row-group }
tfoot{ display:table-footer-group }
col{ display:table-column }
colgroup{ display:table-column-group }
td, th{ display: table-cell;}
caption{ display: table-caption }
th{font-weight: bolder; text-align: center }
caption{ text-align: center }
table{ border-spacing: 2px;}
thead, tbody,tfoot { vertical-align:middle }
td, th { vertical-align:inherit }

//其它元素
head{ display: none }
body{ margin: 8px;line-height: 1.12 }      
button, textarea,input, object,select  { display:inline-block;}
blockquote{ margin-left: 40px;margin-right: 40px }
pre, tt, code,kbd, samp  { font-family: monospace }
pre{ white-space: pre}
hr{ border: 1px inset }
center{ text-align: center }
abbr, acronym{ font-variant: small-caps; letter-spacing:0.1em }

 BDO[DIR="ltr"]  { direction: ltr; unicode-bidi:bidi-override }
 BDO[DIR="rtl"]  { direction: rtl; unicode-bidi:bidi-override }
 /*定义BDO元素当其属性为DIR="ltr/rtl"时的默认文本读写显示顺序*/
 *[DIR="ltr"]{ direction: ltr;unicode-bidi: embed }
 *[DIR="rtl"] { direction: rtl;unicode-bidi: embed }
 /*定义任何元素当其属性为DIR="rtl/rtl"时的默认文本读写显示顺序*/
 @media print { 
       h1{page-break-before: always }
       h1, h2, h3,h4, h5, h6    { page-break-after: avoid }
       ul, ol, dl{ page-break-before: avoid }
  } /*定义标题和列表默认的打印样式*/
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(二)、浏览默认样式类

  不同的浏览器默认的样式可能不尽相同,所以开发时的第一件事可能就是如何把它们统一。如果没对CSS初始化往往会出现浏览器之间的页面差异。

  1.页边距

    IE默认为10px,通过body的margin属性设置
    FF默认为8px,通过body的padding属性设置

  2.段间距

    IE默认为19px,通过p的margin-top属性设置
    FF默认为1.12em,通过p的margin-bottom属性设

  3.标题样式

    h1~h6默认加粗显示:font-weight:bold;
    默认大小请参上表
    还有是这样的写的

<span style="color: #000000;">h1 {font-size:xx-large;}
 h2 {font-size:x-large;}
 h3 {font-size:large;}
 h4 {font-size:medium;}
 h5 {font-size:small;}
 h6 {font-size:x-small;}</span>
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  4.列表样式
    IE默认为40px,通过ul、ol的margin属性设置
    FF默认为40px,通过ul、ol的padding属性设置
    dl无缩进,但起内部的说明元素dd默认缩进40px,而名称元素dt没有缩进。

  5.元素居中

    IE默认为text-align:center;

    FF默认为margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;

  6.超链接样式

    a 样式默认带有下划线,显示颜色为蓝色,被访问过的超链接变紫色

  7.鼠标样式

    IE默认为cursor:hand;

    FF默认为cursor:pointer;该声明在IE中也有效

  8.图片链接样式
    IE默认为紫色2px的边框线
    FF默认为蓝色2px的边框线  

二、css初始化程序

  博主总结了一些初始化的代码,博友们可以参考一下,具体使用时可以适当地删减一些。

<span style="color: #000000;">@charset "UTF-8";
/*css 初始化 */
html, body, ul, li, ol, dl, dd, dt, p, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, form, fieldset, legend, img {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

fieldset, img, input, button {
    border: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    outline-style: none;
}

ul, ol {
    list-style: none;
}

input {
    padding-top: 0;
    padding-bottom: 0;
    font-family: "SimSun", "宋体";
}

select, input {
    vertical-align: middle;
}

select, input, textarea {
    font-size: 12px;
    margin: 0;
}
textarea {
    resize: none;
}

/*防止拖动*/
img {
    border: 0;
    vertical-align: middle;
}

/*  去掉图片低测默认的3像素空白缝隙*/
table {
    border-collapse: collapse;
}

body {
    font: 12px/150% Arial, Verdana, "\5b8b\4f53";
    color: #666;
    background: #fff
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: normal;
    font-size: 100%;
}

s, i, em {
    font-style: normal;
    text-decoration: none;
}</span>
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