HTML form

WBOY
Release: 2016-09-14 09:24:08
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HTML forms contain form elements.

Element definition HTML form

Form elements refer to different types of input elements, check boxes, radio buttons, submit buttons, etc.

HTML forms are used to collect different types of user input.

<form><span style="color: #000000;">
 .
form elements
 .
</span></form>
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The element is the most important form element.

elements have many forms, according to different type attributes.

This is the type used in this chapter: (there are also password, checkbox, button, etc.)

Type Description
text Define regular text input.
radio Define radio button inputs (select one of multiple choices)
submit Define submit button (submit form)

HTML5 input type

HTML5 adds several new input types:

  • color
  • date
  • datetime
  • datetime-local
  • email
  • month
  • number
  • range
  • search
  • tel
  • time
  • url
  • week

Note: Input types not supported by old web browsers will be treated as input type text.

Input restrictions

Here are some commonly used input restrictions (some of which are new in HTML5):

Property Description
disabled Specifies that input fields should be disabled.
max Specifies the maximum value of the input field.
maxlength Specifies the maximum number of characters for the input field.
min Specifies the minimum value of the input field.
pattern Specifies the regular expression by which the input value is checked.
readonly Specifies that input fields are read-only (cannot be modified).
required Specifies that the input field is required (required).
size Specifies the width of the input field in characters.
step Specifies legal number intervals for input fields.
value Specify the default value of the input field.

 

参考:

  • HTML 输入类型

单选按钮输入

 定义单选按钮。

单选按钮允许用户在有限数量的选项中选择其中之一:

实例

<form>
<input type=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">radio</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> name=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">sex</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> value=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">male</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">checked</span>><span style="color: #000000;">Male
</span><br>
<input type=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">radio</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> name=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">sex</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> value=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">female</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;">Female
</span></form> 
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提交按钮

 定义用于向表单处理程序(form-handler)提交表单的按钮。

表单处理程序通常是包含用来处理输入数据的脚本的服务器页面。

表单处理程序在表单的 action 属性中指定:

实例

<form action=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">action_page.php</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;">
First name:</span><br>
<input type=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">text</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> name=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">firstname</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> value=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">Mickey</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>
<br><span style="color: #000000;">
Last name:</span><br>
<input type=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">text</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> name=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">lastname</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> value=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">Mouse</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>
<br><br>
<input type=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">submit</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> value=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">Submit</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>
</form> 
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Action 属性

action 属性定义在提交表单时执行的动作。

向服务器提交表单的通常做法是使用提交按钮。

通常,表单会被提交到 web 服务器上的网页。

在上面的例子中,指定了某个服务器脚本来处理被提交表单:

<form action=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">action_page.php</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>
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如果省略 action 属性,则 action 会被设置为当前页面。

 

Method 属性

method 属性规定在提交表单时所用的 HTTP 方法(GET 或 POST)

<form action=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">action_page.php</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> method=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">GET</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>><span style="color: #000000;">
或:

</span><form action=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">action_page.php</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> method=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">POST</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>
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何时使用 GET?

您能够使用 GET(默认方法):

如果表单提交是被动的(比如搜索引擎查询),并且没有敏感信息。

当您使用 GET 时,表单数据在页面地址栏中是可见的:

action_page.php?firstname=Mickey&lastname=Mouse
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注释:GET 最适合少量数据的提交。浏览器会设定容量限制。

何时使用 POST?

您应该使用 POST:

如果表单正在更新数据,或者包含敏感信息(例如密码)。

POST 的安全性更加,因为在页面地址栏中被提交的数据是不可见的。

 

Name 属性

如果要正确地被提交,每个输入字段必须设置一个 name 属性。

本例只会提交 "Last name" 输入字段,因为“First name“没有设置 name 属性:

实例

<form action=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">action_page.php</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>
First name:
"text" value="Mickey">
Last name:
"text" name="lastname" value="Mouse">

"submit" value="Submit">
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组合表单数据

 元素组合表单中的相关数据

 元素为

元素定义标题。

实例

<form action=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">action_page.php</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span>>
Personal information: First name:
"text" name="firstname" value="Mickey">
Last name:
"text" name="lastname" value="Mouse">

"submit" value="Submit">
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HTML Form 属性

HTML

元素,已设置所有可能的属性,是这样的:

实例

<form action=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">action_page.php</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> method=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">GET</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> target=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">_blank</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> accept-charset=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">UTF-8</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #000000;">
ectype</span>=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">application/x-www-form-urlencoded</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> autocomplete=<span style="color: #800000;">"</span><span style="color: #800000;">off</span><span style="color: #800000;">"</span> novalidate><span style="color: #000000;">
.
form elements
 .
</span></form> 
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属性 描述
accept-charset 规定在被提交表单中使用的字符集(默认:页面字符集)。
action 规定向何处提交表单的地址(URL)(提交页面)。
autocomplete 规定浏览器应该自动完成表单(默认:开启)。
enctype 规定被提交数据的编码(默认:url-encoded)。
method 规定在提交表单时所用的 HTTP 方法(默认:GET)。
name 规定识别表单的名称(对于 DOM 使用:document.forms.name)。
novalidate 规定浏览器不验证表单。
target 规定 action 属性中地址的目标(默认:_self)。
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