Home Web Front-end JS Tutorial Detailed explanation of replace method in JavaScript_javascript skills

Detailed explanation of replace method in JavaScript_javascript skills

May 16, 2016 pm 03:22 PM

Definition and usage

The

replace() method is used to replace some characters with other characters in a string, or replace a substring that matches a regular expression.

stringObject.replace(regexp/substr,replacement)
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Parameters Description
regexp/substr

Required. A RegExp object that specifies the substring or pattern to be replaced.

参数 描述
regexp/substr

必需。规定子字符串或要替换的模式的 RegExp 对象。

请注意,如果该值是一个字符串,则将它作为要检索的直接量文本模式,而不是首先被转换为 RegExp 对象。

replacement 必需。一个字符串值。规定了替换文本或生成替换文本的函数。

Please note that if the value is a character string, it is retrieved as a literal text pattern, rather than first being converted to a RegExp object. <🎜>

replacement Required. A string value. Specifies functions for replacing text or generating replacement text.
Return value

A new string obtained by replacing the first match or all matches of regexp with replacement.

Regular characters

replaceValue can be a string. If there are several specific characters in the string, it will be converted to a specific string.

字符 替换文本
$$ 直接量符号(就是当做'$$'字符用)
$& 与正则相匹配的字符串
$` 匹配字符串左边的字符
$' 匹配字符串右边的字符
,,$,3,…,$n 匹配结果中对应的分组匹配结果

下面通过实例给大家介绍:

例子 1

在本例中,我们将使用 "W3School" 替换字符串中的 "Microsoft":

<script type="text/javascript">
var str="Visit Microsoft!"
document.write(str.replace(/Microsoft/, "W3School"))
</script>
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输出:

Visit W3School!

例子 2

在本例中,我们将执行一次全局替换,每当 "Microsoft" 被找到,它就被替换为 "W3School":

<script type="text/javascript">
var str="Welcome to Microsoft! "
str=str + "We are proud to announce that Microsoft has "
str=str + "one of the largest Web Developers sites in the world."
document.write(str.replace(/Microsoft/g, "W3School"))
</script>
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输出:

Welcome to W3School! We are proud to announce that W3School
has one of the largest Web Developers sites in the world.

例子 3

您可以使用本例提供的代码来确保匹配字符串大写字符的正确:

text = "javascript Tutorial";
text.replace(/javascript/i, "JavaScript");
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例子 4

在本例中,我们将把 "Doe, John" 转换为 "John Doe" 的形式:

name = "Doe, John";
name.replace(/(\w+)\s*, \s*(\w+)/, "$2 $1");
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例子 5

在本例中,我们将把所有的花引号替换为直引号:

name = '"a", "b"';
name.replace(/"([^"]*)"/g, "'$1'");
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例子 6

在本例中,我们将把字符串中所有单词的首字母都转换为大写:

name = 'aaa bbb ccc';
uw=name.replace(/\b\w+\b/g, function(word){
 return word.substring(0,1).toUpperCase()+word.substring(1);}
 );
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正则替换字符串

'I am loser,You are loser'.replace(/loser/g,'hero')
//I am hero,You are hero
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使用正则表达式,并将正则的global属性改为true则可以让所有loser都变为hero

使用$&字符给匹配字符加大括号

var sStr='讨论一下正则表达式中的replace的用法';
sStr.replace(/正则表达式/,'{$&}');
//讨论一下{正则表达式}中的replace的用法
使用$`和$'字符替换内容
'abc'.replace(/b/,"$`");
//aac
'abc'.replace(/b/,"$'");
//acc
使用分组匹配组合新的字符串
'nimojs@126.com'.replace(/(.+)(@)(.*)/,"$2$1")
//@nimojs
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replaceValue参数可以是一个函数

StringObject.replace(searchValue,replaceValue)中的replaceValue可以是一个函数.

如果replaceValue是一个函数的话那么,这个函数的arguments会有n+3个参数(n为正则匹配到的次数)

先看例子帮助理解:

function logArguments(){  
  console.log(arguments);
//["nimojs@126.com", "nimojs", "@", "126.com", 0, "nimojs@126.com"] 
  return '返回值会替换掉匹配到的目标'
}
console.log(
  'nimojs@126.com'.replace(/(.+)(@)(.*)/,logArguments)
)

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参数分别为

匹配到的字符串(此例为nimojs@126.com,推荐修改上面代码的正则来查看匹配到的字符帮助理解)
如果正则使用了分组匹配就为多个否则无此参数。(此例的参数就分别为”nimojs”, “@”, “126.com”。推荐修改正则为/nimo/查看控制台中返回的arguments值)
匹配字符串的对应索引位置(此例为0)
原始字符串(此例为nimojs@126.com)
使用自定义函数将A-G字符串改为小写

'JAVASCRIPT'.replace(/[A-G]/g,function(){
  return arguments[0].toLowerCase();
})
//JaVaScRIPT

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使用自定义函数做回调式替换将行内样式中的单引号删除

<span style="font-family:\'微软雅黑\';">demo</span>'.replace(/\'[^']+\'/g,function(){   
  var sResult=arguments[0];
  console.log(sResult);//'微软雅黑'
  sResult=sResult.replace(/\'/g,'');
  console.log(sResult);
//微软雅黑
  return sResult;
})
//<span style="font-family:微软雅黑;">demo</span>
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以上内容是小编给大家介绍的avaScript 中的 replace 方法,希望大家喜欢。

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