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Analysis and processing of Java thread leaks

高洛峰
Release: 2016-11-02 14:31:35
Original
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1. 生产环境的异常现象及初步分析

最近发现系统程序内存消耗越来越大,开始并没特别注意,就简单调了一下jvm参数。但直到前些天内存爆满,持续Full GC,这肯定出现了内存泄露。

原以为哪里出现了比较低级的错误,所以很直接想到先去看看程序是在跑哪段代码。jstack -l 以后,居然有上千个线程,而且都是属于RUNNING并WAIT的状态。

I/O dispatcher 125" #739 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x0000000002394800 nid=0x1e2a runnable [0x00007f5c2125b000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
        at sun.nio.ch.EPollArrayWrapper.epollWait(Native Method)
        at sun.nio.ch.EPollArrayWrapper.poll(EPollArrayWrapper.java:269)
        at sun.nio.ch.EPollSelectorImpl.doSelect(EPollSelectorImpl.java:79)
        at sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl.lockAndDoSelect(SelectorImpl.java:86)
        - locked <0x00000007273401d0> (a sun.nio.ch.Util$2)
        - locked <0x00000007273401c0> (a java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableSet)
        - locked <0x00000007273401e0> (a sun.nio.ch.EPollSelectorImpl)
        at sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl.select(SelectorImpl.java:97)
        at org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.AbstractIOReactor.execute(AbstractIOReactor.java:257)
        at org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.BaseIOReactor.execute(BaseIOReactor.java:106)
        at org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.AbstractMultiworkerIOReactor$Worker.run(AbstractMultiworkerIOReactor.java:590)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None

"pool-224-thread-1" #738 prio=5 os_prio=0 tid=0x00007f5c463f4000 nid=0x1e29 runnable [0x00007f5c2024b000]
   java.lang.Thread.State: RUNNABLE
        at sun.nio.ch.EPollArrayWrapper.epollWait(Native Method)
        at sun.nio.ch.EPollArrayWrapper.poll(EPollArrayWrapper.java:269)
        at sun.nio.ch.EPollSelectorImpl.doSelect(EPollSelectorImpl.java:79)
        at sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl.lockAndDoSelect(SelectorImpl.java:86)
        - locked <0x0000000727340478> (a sun.nio.ch.Util$2)
        - locked <0x0000000727340468> (a java.util.Collections$UnmodifiableSet)
        - locked <0x0000000727340488> (a sun.nio.ch.EPollSelectorImpl)
        at sun.nio.ch.SelectorImpl.select(SelectorImpl.java:97)
        at org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.AbstractMultiworkerIOReactor.execute(AbstractMultiworkerIOReactor.java:342)
        at org.apache.http.impl.nio.conn.PoolingNHttpClientConnectionManager.execute(PoolingNHttpClientConnectionManager.java:191)
        at org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.CloseableHttpAsyncClientBase$1.run(CloseableHttpAsyncClientBase.java:64)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

   Locked ownable synchronizers:
        - None
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我以下的思考路径都未能解决(自己记录一下,看官可以跳过...)

查看线程的stack,看调用处是否有问题。这个一般都能解决问题,但是上面的异常线程栈确实没什么信息量,无法定位。

Google了一下有关大量这个线程停在epollwait的资料,发现这个现象和epoll nio的bug是一样的,还以为碰到了一个无法处理的高级问题。第一反应就是去HttpClient的官网查bug日志,结果还真发现了最近的升级有解决类似问题的,然后升级到最新版问题依旧。但是最后仔细想想,也确实不太可能,毕竟应用场景还是比较普通的。

jmap -histo 看了一下对象,结果发现存在InternalHttpAsyncClient数量和泄露的线程数量刚好相等,所以基本就确定是这个对象的创建和回收有问题。但是这是谁创建的?

查了调用栈和异常对象的package,发现是HttpClient的,把本地所有相关调用都查了一遍,看起来写的也都是对的。

搬出jvirtualvm的性能分析工具,发现只能看到泄露现象,无法定位问题。

这下懵逼了,刚好忙其他事,就放了几天顺带考虑一下,还好泄露比较慢,问题处理不着急。。。

2. 线程泄露的分析方法

处理这个问题的关键:必须准确知道是什么泄露了线程!

在Google过程中突然受到启发,JDK中的工具是应该可以分析引用的。最后发现jhat - Java Heap Analysis Tool正是我要的。

最终解决方式:

jmap -F -dump:format=b,file=tomcat.bin 导出tomcat的内存

jhat -J-Xmx4g 分析Heap中的信息(注意:分析非常消耗CPU和内存,尽量在配置较好的机器上运行)

查看相关对象的reference,OQL也可以用,但是网页版直接点链接也够用了。

3. 锁定原因并解决

从之前异常heap中发现存在的问题对象有如下这些:

$ cat histo | grep org.apache.http. | grep 1944 | less 
 197:          1944         217728  org.apache.http.impl.nio.conn.ManagedNHttpClientConnectionImpl 232:          1944         171072  org.apache.http.impl.nio.conn.CPool 233:          1944         171072  org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.DefaultConnectingIOReactor 248:          1944         155520  org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.BaseIOReactor 249:          1944         155520  org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.IOSessionImpl 276:          1944         139968  org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.InternalHttpAsyncClient 277:          1944         139968  org.apache.http.impl.nio.conn.CPoolEntry 323:          1944         108864  org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.MainClientExec 363:          1944          93312  org.apache.http.impl.nio.codecs.DefaultHttpResponseParser 401:          1944          77760  org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.SessionInputBufferImpl 402:          1944          77760  org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.SessionOutputBufferImpl 403:          1944          77760  org.apache.http.nio.protocol.HttpAsyncRequestExecutor$State 442:          1944          62208  org.apache.http.impl.cookie.DefaultCookieSpecProvider 443:          1944          62208  org.apache.http.impl.nio.conn.PoolingNHttpClientConnectionManager 444:          1944          62208  org.apache.http.nio.conn.ssl.SSLIOSessionStrategy 445:          1944          62208  org.apache.http.nio.pool.AbstractNIOConnPool$2
 511:          1944          46656  [Lorg.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.AbstractMultiworkerIOReactor$Worker; 512:          1944          46656  [Lorg.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.BaseIOReactor; 513:          1944          46656  org.apache.http.conn.ssl.DefaultHostnameVerifier 514:          1944          46656  org.apache.http.impl.cookie.DefaultCookieSpec 515:          1944          46656  org.apache.http.impl.cookie.NetscapeDraftSpecProvider 516:          1944          46656  org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.CloseableHttpAsyncClientBase$1
 517:          1944          46656  org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.InternalIODispatch 518:          1944          46656  org.apache.http.impl.nio.codecs.DefaultHttpRequestWriter 519:          1944          46656  org.apache.http.impl.nio.conn.PoolingNHttpClientConnectionManager$ConfigData 520:          1944          46656  org.apache.http.impl.nio.conn.PoolingNHttpClientConnectionManager$InternalAddressResolver 521:          1944          46656  org.apache.http.impl.nio.conn.PoolingNHttpClientConnectionManager$InternalConnectionFactory 522:          1944          46656  org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.AbstractMultiworkerIOReactor$Worker 523:          1944          46656  org.apache.http.nio.protocol.HttpAsyncRequestExecutor 603:          1944          31104  org.apache.http.client.protocol.RequestExpectContinue 604:          1944          31104  org.apache.http.conn.routing.BasicRouteDirector 605:          1944          31104  org.apache.http.impl.auth.HttpAuthenticator 606:          1944          31104  org.apache.http.impl.conn.DefaultRoutePlanner 607:          1944          31104  org.apache.http.impl.cookie.IgnoreSpecProvider 608:          1944          31104  org.apache.http.impl.nio.SessionHttpContext 609:          1944          31104  org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.AbstractIOReactor$1
 610:          1944          31104  org.apache.http.impl.nio.reactor.AbstractMultiworkerIOReacto
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接下来要找出到底谁new了这些对象,这些异常Object中很多是内部field,所以要先找出最外层的对象。这个就只是边猜边看了,结果发现就是InternalHttpAsyncClient。点开进去看了一下,发现有一堆Instance,最后了发现泄露的对象。也可以用OQL select referrers(c) from org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.InternalHttpAsyncClient c

instance of org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.InternalHttpAsyncClient@0x932be638 (128 bytes)

Class:

class org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.InternalHttpAsyncClientInstance data members:

...

References to this object:

org.apache.http.impl.nio.client.CloseableHttpAsyncClientBase$1@0x932be6c8 (40 bytes) : field this$0
com.aliyun.mqs.common.http.DefaultServiceClient@0x931cc588 (32 bytes) : field httpClient
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这里的信息就是阿里云的mqs创建了这些对象。去看了一下代码,书写看似没有问题,实际上,连接压根忘记关了。有问题的阿里云MQS文档是这个,但是最新版本的官网文档已经改用了org.eclipse.jetty.client.HttpClient,也是没有显式调用stop函数,希望这个类库不会出现此问题。

@Service
public class AliyunService implements IAliyunService {
    private static Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(AliyunService.class.getName());
    
    @Autowired
    private AliyunConfig aliyunConfig;    
    
    @Override
    public void sendMessage(String content) {
        MQSClient client = new DefaultMQSClient(aliyunConfig.mqEndpoint, aliyunConfig.mqAccessId, aliyunConfig.mqAccessKey);
        String queueName = aliyunConfig.mqQueue;        try {
            CloudQueue queue = client.getQueueRef(queueName);            
            // queue没做关闭处理,应该最后加上
            // finally{ queue.close(); }
            Message message = new Message();
            message.setMessageBody(content);
            queue.putMessage(message);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.warning(e.getMessage());
        }
    }

}
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以下是MQS给的jar中相应关闭的源码

public final class CloudQueue {    private ServiceClient serviceClient;
    ...    
    public void close() {        
        if(this.serviceClient != null) {            
            this.serviceClient.close();
        }
    }
    
}
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真相大白!至此修改后,问题顺利解决。

4. 总结

首先,这个问题的解决确实还是要善用并熟悉JDK工具*,之前对jhat的理解不深,导致第一时间没有想到这个解决方案。日后再有内存问题,会有更犀利的解决方法了。

其次,熟悉了线程泄露的现象,解决方式还是去找线程的对象,说到底,还是对象的泄露。

最后,真的要吐槽一下阿里,我之前接阿里百川就恶心的不行,这次又出现低级错误。我一直认为阿里是中国软件技术最好的公司,但基层研发的是水平真心一般,研发质量控制有问题啊


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