Home Web Front-end JS Tutorial A brief introduction to data type judgment in JavaScript

A brief introduction to data type judgment in JavaScript

Nov 05, 2016 am 10:12 AM

前言

平常在需要进行类型判断时,随手拿起typeof就像手枪一样只管突突突...也没有仔细的去了解它的具体特性。
所以这里就利用空闲时间,来做一个较为详细的了解。

首先我们来全面看一遍typeof类型的检测情况:

这里我给一组比较详细的数据类型变量:

var s = new String('abc'),
        n = 123,
        b = true,
        a = new Array(),
        o = new Object(),
        d = new Date(),
        u = undefined,
        f = function(){},
        w = window,
        doc = document,
        r = new RegExp(),
        m = Math,
        t = window.setTimeout,
        _s = '123',
        _n = null,
        _d = document.body,
        _nan = NaN;
Copy after login

下面我们用typeof分别来检测这些变量的数据类型,看看具体的返回结果:

typeof s --> string
	typeof n --> number
	typeof b --> boolean
	typeof a --> object
	typeof o --> object
	typeof d --> object
	typeof u --> undefined
	typeof f --> function
	typeof w --> object
	typeof doc --> object
	typeof r --> object
	typeof m --> object
	typoef t --> function
	typeof _s --> number
	typoef _n --> object
	typeof _d --> object
	typeof _nan --> number
Copy after login

通过以上测试,可以很肯定的说typeof最多只可检查5种数据类型: string,number,boolean,underfined,object 。
实际上JavaScript也只有这5种数据类型。
像Date、Array、Function、HTMLElement、Math、RegExp这些数据,在JavaScript中,他们都是Object对象的再次包装,所以用typeof检测它们就会返回 object 类型。
但是在实际的运用中,如果将 Date、Array、Function、HTMLElement、Math、RegExp 都作为object类型看待,就很不切实际。
幸运的是,我们可以从这些对象的构造函数(constructor)上获得到代表它们具体的含义的信息。

例如:

a.constructor.toString() -- > "function Array() { [native code] }";
Copy after login

所以通过结合typeof、Object.constructor 这两种方法,自己编写了一个检测类型的方法:

function getType(){

    var value = arguments[0],
        type = function(){
            return /\w+\s(\w+)\(\)\s.+?/.test(value.constructor.toString()) ? RegExp.$1.toLowerCase() : 'arguments except'; 
        };

    if(typeof value){
        return value !== null ?  value !== undefined ? type() : 'undefined' :  'null';
    }else{
        return 'undefined';
    }

}
Copy after login

另外对于typeof在使用上还有一个小技巧。用typeof检测一个不存在“变量”的数据类型时,并不会报错,而是返回undefined。
而在以前,对与不确定的代码,我们都是通过try{}catch(e){...} 进行尝试运行的。

最后在查阅typeof的资料时。顺便也简单的看了下 instanceof 运算符的介绍。
总的来说,instanceof运算符是用于“检测左侧参数是否是右侧参数的一个实例”。如果是,则返回true,否则返回false。
示例:

var p = new person();
p instanceof person // --> true;
Copy after login

在这个示例中因为p是构造函数的person的一个实例,所以通过instanceof运算符得到的就是true。
这一点,可以在 p.constructor == 'function person(){}' 得到应征。
再稍微复杂的还有:

function person(){}
function animal(){}

persion.prototype = new animal();
var p = new person();
p instanceof persion() //--> true
p instanceof animal() //--> true
Copy after login


Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator

AI Hentai Generator

Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

R.E.P.O. Energy Crystals Explained and What They Do (Yellow Crystal)
2 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Repo: How To Revive Teammates
1 months ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Hello Kitty Island Adventure: How To Get Giant Seeds
4 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Replace String Characters in JavaScript Replace String Characters in JavaScript Mar 11, 2025 am 12:07 AM

Detailed explanation of JavaScript string replacement method and FAQ This article will explore two ways to replace string characters in JavaScript: internal JavaScript code and internal HTML for web pages. Replace string inside JavaScript code The most direct way is to use the replace() method: str = str.replace("find","replace"); This method replaces only the first match. To replace all matches, use a regular expression and add the global flag g: str = str.replace(/fi

Custom Google Search API Setup Tutorial Custom Google Search API Setup Tutorial Mar 04, 2025 am 01:06 AM

This tutorial shows you how to integrate a custom Google Search API into your blog or website, offering a more refined search experience than standard WordPress theme search functions. It's surprisingly easy! You'll be able to restrict searches to y

Example Colors JSON File Example Colors JSON File Mar 03, 2025 am 12:35 AM

This article series was rewritten in mid 2017 with up-to-date information and fresh examples. In this JSON example, we will look at how we can store simple values in a file using JSON format. Using the key-value pair notation, we can store any kind

Build Your Own AJAX Web Applications Build Your Own AJAX Web Applications Mar 09, 2025 am 12:11 AM

So here you are, ready to learn all about this thing called AJAX. But, what exactly is it? The term AJAX refers to a loose grouping of technologies that are used to create dynamic, interactive web content. The term AJAX, originally coined by Jesse J

8 Stunning jQuery Page Layout Plugins 8 Stunning jQuery Page Layout Plugins Mar 06, 2025 am 12:48 AM

Leverage jQuery for Effortless Web Page Layouts: 8 Essential Plugins jQuery simplifies web page layout significantly. This article highlights eight powerful jQuery plugins that streamline the process, particularly useful for manual website creation

What is 'this' in JavaScript? What is 'this' in JavaScript? Mar 04, 2025 am 01:15 AM

Core points This in JavaScript usually refers to an object that "owns" the method, but it depends on how the function is called. When there is no current object, this refers to the global object. In a web browser, it is represented by window. When calling a function, this maintains the global object; but when calling an object constructor or any of its methods, this refers to an instance of the object. You can change the context of this using methods such as call(), apply(), and bind(). These methods call the function using the given this value and parameters. JavaScript is an excellent programming language. A few years ago, this sentence was

Improve Your jQuery Knowledge with the Source Viewer Improve Your jQuery Knowledge with the Source Viewer Mar 05, 2025 am 12:54 AM

jQuery is a great JavaScript framework. However, as with any library, sometimes it’s necessary to get under the hood to discover what’s going on. Perhaps it’s because you’re tracing a bug or are just curious about how jQuery achieves a particular UI

10 Mobile Cheat Sheets for Mobile Development 10 Mobile Cheat Sheets for Mobile Development Mar 05, 2025 am 12:43 AM

This post compiles helpful cheat sheets, reference guides, quick recipes, and code snippets for Android, Blackberry, and iPhone app development. No developer should be without them! Touch Gesture Reference Guide (PDF) A valuable resource for desig

See all articles