Python crawler uses proxy to crawl web pages

Proxy type (proxy): transparent proxy, anonymous proxy, obfuscated proxy and high-anonymity proxy. Here is some knowledge about the use of proxies by python crawlers, and a proxy pool class. It is convenient for everyone to deal with various complex crawling problems at work.

urllib module uses proxy

urllib/urllib2 It is more troublesome to use proxy. You need to build a ProxyHandler class first, then use this class to build the opener class that opens the web page, and then install the opener in the request.

Proxy format It is "http://127.0.0.1:80". If you want the account password, it is "http://user:password@127.0.0.1:80".

proxy="http://127.0.0.1:80"

The

# 创建一个ProxyHandler对象
proxy_support=urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'http':proxy})
# 创建一个opener对象
opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support)
# 给request装载opener
urllib.request.install_opener(opener)
# 打开一个url
r = urllib.request.urlopen('http://youtube.com',timeout = 500)

requests module uses a proxy

Using a proxy for requests is much simpler than urllib... Here we take a single proxy as an example. If you use it multiple times, you can use the session class to build it.

If you need to use a proxy, you can pass any request method Provide proxies parameters to configure individual requests:

import requests
proxies = {
  "http": "http://127.0.0.1:3128",
  "https": "http://127.0.0.1:2080",
}
r=requests.get("http://youtube.com", proxies=proxies)
print r.text

You can also configure proxies through the environment variables HTTP_PROXY and HTTPS_PROXY.

export HTTP_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:3128"
export HTTPS_PROXY="http://127.0.0.1:2080"
python
>>> import requests
>>> r=requests.get("http://youtube.com")
>>> print r.text

If your proxy needs to use HTTP Basic Auth, you can use http://user:password@host/ Syntax:

proxies = {
    "http": "http://user:pass@127.0.0.1:3128/",
}

Python’s proxy is very simple to use. The most important thing is to find a proxy with a stable and reliable network. If you have any questions, please leave a message