In the previous article, we talked about structural patterns. Structural patterns discuss the structure of classes and objects. There are 7 types in total. Today we will introduce behavioral patterns.
1. What is a behavioral pattern?
Behavioral pattern:
ourselves a In short, it is the question of what role classes and objects play, and how to play this role.
2. Types of behavioral patterns
Generally divided into three categories: common patterns, known patterns, deep patterns
Common patterns include: template method pattern, command pattern, iterator pattern, observer Model, intermediary mode, status mode, responsibilities chain mode, strategy mode
Knowledge mode includes: Memorandum Mode
Deep mode includes: interpreter mode, visitor mode
common mode
1, template method mode mode (Template):
Define the algorithm skeleton in an operation, and defer some implementation steps to subclasses. Just like a soy milk machine, no matter whether red beans or black beans are put in, what comes out is soy milk.
Advantages: Good scalability, encapsulates unchanged code, and expands variable code.
Disadvantages: Poor flexibility, unable to change the skeleton part.
Application scenario: In a category or group of things with common characteristics.
Code implementation
Php code
<?php
/**
* 优才网公开课示例代码
*
* 模板方法模式 Template
*
* @author 优才网全栈工程师教研组
* @see http://www.ucai.cn
*/
function output($string) {
echo $string . "\n";
}
class Request {
public $token = '';
public function __construct() {
$this->token = '0c6b7289f5334ed2b697dd461eaf9812';
}
}
class Response {
public function render($content) {
output(sprintf('response-render: %s', $content));
}
public function redirect($uri) {
output(sprintf('response-redirect: %s', $uri));
}
public function json($data) {
output(sprintf('response-data: %s', json_encode($data)));
}
}
//父类，抽象类
abstract class Controller{
//封装了输入输出
protected $request;
protected $response;
//返回数据
protected $data = 'data';
public function __construct($request, $response){
$this->request = $request;
$this->response = $response;
}
//执行请求函数，定义总体算法（template method），final防止被复写（不允许子类改变总体算法）
public final function execute(){
$this->before();
if ($this->valid()){
$this->handleRequest();
}
$this->after();
}
//定义hook method before，做一些具体请求的前置处理
//非abstract方法，子类可以选择覆盖或不覆盖，默认什么都不做
protected function before(){
}
//定义hook method valid，做请求的数据验证
//非abstract方法，子类可以选择覆盖或不覆盖，默认返回验证通过
protected function valid(){
return true;
}
//定义hook method handleRequest，处理请求
//定义为abstract方法，子类必须实现或也声明为抽象方法(由子类的子类负责实现)
abstract function handleRequest();
//定义hook method after，做一些请求的后置处理
//非abstract方法，子类可以选择覆盖或不覆盖，默认直接输出数据
protected function after(){
$this->response->render($this->data);
}
}
//子类1，实现父类开放的具体算法
class User extends Controller{
//覆盖before方法，实现具体算法，这是一个处理用户数据操作的控制器
//因此，我们选择在before里面判断用户是否已经登录了，这里简单判断下session数据
function before(){
if (emptyempty($_SESSION['auth'])){
//没登录就直接跳转了，不再执行后续的操作
$this->response->redirect("user/login.php");
}
}
//覆盖valid方法，这里我们验证用户提交数据中有没有带验证token
function valid(){
if (isset($this->request->token)){
return true;
}
return false;
}
//覆盖handleRequest方法，必选，以为父类中声明了abstract了
function handleRequest(){
//做具体处理，一般根据参数执行不同的业务逻辑
}
//这个类我们选择不覆盖after方法，使用默认处理方式
}
//子类2，实现父类开放的具体算法
class Post extends Controller{
//这个类我们选择不覆盖before方法，使用默认处理方式
//这个类我们选择不覆盖valid方法，使用默认处理方式
//覆盖handleRequest方法，必选，以为父类中声明了abstract了
function handleRequest(){
//做具体处理，一般根据参数执行不同的业务逻辑
$this->data = array('title' => 'ucai');
}
//覆盖after方法，使用json格式输出数据
function after(){
$this->response->json($this->data);
}
}
class Client {
public static function test(){
$request = new Request();
$response = new Response();
//最终调用
$user = new User($request, $response);
$user->execute();
//最终调用
$post = new Post($request, $response);
$post->execute();
}
}
Client::test();2. Command mode (Command):
The behavior requester is decoupled from the behavior implementer. Just like the "salute" in the military, whoever hears this order will make a standard salute.
Benefits: Easy to add and modify behaviors, easy to aggregate multiple commands.
Disadvantages: Causes too many specific command classes.
Application scenario: Perform the same operation on the object to be operated.
Code implementation
Php code
<?php
/**
* 优才网公开课示例代码
*
* 命令模式 Command
*
* @author 优才网全栈工程师教研组
* @see http://www.ucai.cn
*/
function output($string) {
echo $string . "\n";
}
class Document {
private $name = '';
public function __construct($name) {
$this->name = $name;
}
public function showText() {
output(sprintf("showText: %s", $this->name));
}
public function undo() {
output(sprintf("undo-showText: %s", $this->name));
}
}
class Graphics {
private $name = '';
public function __construct($name) {
$this->name = $name;
}
public function drawCircle() {
output(sprintf("drawCircle: %s", $this->name));
}
public function undo() {
output(sprintf("undo-drawCircle: %s", $this->name));
}
}
class Client {
public static function test() {
$document = new Document('A');
$graphics = new Graphics('B');
$document->showText();
$graphics->drawCircle();
$document->undo();
}
}
Client::test();
<?php
/**
* 优才网公开课示例代码
*
* 命令模式 Command
*
* @author 优才网全栈工程师教研组
* @see http://www.ucai.cn
*/
function output($string) {
echo $string . "\n";
}
interface Command {
public function execute();
public function undo();
}
class Document implements Command {
private $name = '';
public function __construct($name) {
$this->name = $name;
}
public function execute() {
output(sprintf("showText: %s", $this->name));
}
public function undo() {
output(sprintf("undo-showText: %s", $this->name));
}
}
class Graphics implements Command {
private $name = '';
public function __construct($name) {
$this->name = $name;
}
public function execute() {
output(sprintf("drawCircle: %s", $this->name));
}
public function undo() {
output(sprintf("undo-drawCircle: %s", $this->name));
}
}
class Client {
public static function test() {
$array = array();
array_push($array, new Document('A'));
array_push($array, new Document('B'));
array_push($array, new Graphics('C'));
array_push($array, new Graphics('D'));
foreach ($array as $command) {
$command->execute();
}
$top = array_pop($array);
$top->undo();
}
}
Client::test();
<?php
/**
* 优才网公开课示例代码
*
* 命令模式 Command
*
* @author 优才网全栈工程师教研组
* @see http://www.ucai.cn
*/
function output($string) {
echo $string . "\n";
}
interface Command {
public function execute();
public function undo();
}
class Document {
private $name = '';
public function __construct($name) {
$this->name = $name;
}
public function showText() {
output(sprintf("showText: %s", $this->name));
}
public function undo() {
output(sprintf("undo-showText: %s", $this->name));
}
}
class Graphics {
private $name = '';
public function __construct($name) {
$this->name = $name;
}
public function drawCircle() {
output(sprintf("drawCircle: %s", $this->name));
}
public function undo() {
output(sprintf("undo-drawCircle: %s", $this->name));
}
}
class DocumentCommand implements Command {
private $obj = '';
public function __construct(Document $document) {
$this->obj = $document;
}
public function execute() {
$this->obj->showText();
}
public function undo() {
$this->obj->undo();
}
}
class GraphicsCommand implements Command {
private $obj = '';
public function __construct(Graphics $graphics) {
$this->obj = $graphics;
}
public function execute() {
$this->obj->drawCircle();
}
public function undo() {
$this->obj->undo();
}
}
class Client {
public static function test() {
$array = array();
array_push($array, new DocumentCommand(new Document('A')));
array_push($array, new DocumentCommand(new Document('B')));
array_push($array, new GraphicsCommand(new Graphics('C')));
array_push($array, new GraphicsCommand(new Graphics('D')));
foreach ($array as $command) {
$command->execute();
}
$top = array_pop($array);
$top->undo();
}
}
Client::test();
3. Iterator pattern (Iterator):
Access the contents of the aggregate object without exposing the internal structure. Just like a double-color ball lottery draw, seven balls are shaken out every time, and the winning number combination that is not seven balls cannot be shaken.
Benefits: Traverse a collection in different ways.
Disadvantages: Each time it is traversed, the entire collection is traversed, and elements cannot be taken out individually.
Application scenario: All elements in the collection need to be operated.
Code implementation
Php code
<?php
/**
* 优才网公开课示例代码
*
* 迭代器模式 Iterator
*
* @author 优才网全栈工程师教研组
* @see http://www.ucai.cn
*/
function output($string) {
echo $string . "\n";
}
class RecordIterator implements Iterator{
private $position = 0;
//注意：被迭代对象属性是私有的
private $records = array();
public function __construct(Array $records) {
$this->position = 0;
$this->records = $records;
}
function rewind() {
$this->position = 0;
}
function current() {
return $this->records[$this->position];
}
function key() {
return $this->position;
}
function next() {
++$this->position;
}
function valid() {
return isset($this->records[$this->position]);
}
}
class PostListPager {
protected $record = array();
protected $total = 0;
protected $page = 0;
protected $size = 0;
public function __construct($category, $page, $size) {
$this->page = $page;
$this->size = $size;
// query db
$total = 28;
$this->total = $total;
$record = array(
0 => array('id' => '1'),
1 => array('id' => '2'),
2 => array('id' => '3'),
3 => array('id' => '4'),
);
//
$this->record = $record;
}
public function getIterator() {
return new RecordIterator($this->record);
}
public function getMaxPage() {
$max = intval($this->total / $this->size);
return $max;
}
public function getPrevPage() {
return max($this->page - 1, 1);
}
public function getNextPage() {
return min($this->page + 1, $this->getMaxPage());
}
}
class Client {
public static function test(){
$pager = new PostListPager(1, 2, 4);
foreach ($pager->getIterator() as $key => $val) {
output(sprintf('Key[%d],Val[%s]', $key, json_encode($val)));
}
output(sprintf('MaxPage[%d]', $pager->getMaxPage()));
output(sprintf('Prev[%d]', $pager->getPrevPage()));
output(sprintf('Next[%d]', $pager->getNextPage()));
$iterator = $pager->getIterator();
while($iterator->valid()){
print_r($iterator->current());
$iterator->next();
}
$iterator->rewind();
}
}
Client::test();
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