git common command memo

伊谢尔伦
Release: 2016-11-25 15:31:29
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Git configuration

git config --global user.name "robbin"
git config --global user.email "fankai@gmail.com"
git config --global color.ui true
git config --global alias.co checkout
git config --global alias.ci commit
git config --global alias.st status
git config --global alias.br branch
git config --global core.editor "mate -w"    # 设置Editor使用textmate
git config -l  # 列举所有配置
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User's git configuration file ~/.gitconfig

Common Git commands
View, add, submit, delete, retrieve, reset modified files

git help <command>  # 显示command的help
git show            # 显示某次提交的内容
git show $id
git co  -- <file>   # 抛弃工作区修改
git co  .           # 抛弃工作区修改
git add <file>      # 将工作文件修改提交到本地暂存区
git add .           # 将所有修改过的工作文件提交暂存区
git rm <file>       # 从版本库中删除文件
git rm <file> --cached  # 从版本库中删除文件,但不删除文件
git reset <file>    # 从暂存区恢复到工作文件
git reset -- .      # 从暂存区恢复到工作文件
git reset --hard    # 恢复最近一次提交过的状态,即放弃上次提交后的所有本次修改
git ci <file>
git ci .
git ci -a           # 将git add, git rm和git ci等操作都合并在一起做
git ci -am "some comments"
git ci --amend      # 修改最后一次提交记录
git revert <$id>    # 恢复某次提交的状态,恢复动作本身也创建了一次提交对象
git revert HEAD     # 恢复最后一次提交的状态
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View file diff

git diff <file>     # 比较当前文件和暂存区文件差异
git diff
git diff <$id1> <$id2>   # 比较两次提交之间的差异
git diff <branch1>..<branch2> # 在两个分支之间比较
git diff --staged   # 比较暂存区和版本库差异
git diff --cached   # 比较暂存区和版本库差异
git diff --stat     # 仅仅比较统计信息
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View submission records

git log
git log <file>      # 查看该文件每次提交记录
git log -p <file>   # 查看每次详细修改内容的diff
git log -p -2       # 查看最近两次详细修改内容的diff
git log --stat      # 查看提交统计信息
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tig
You can use tig on Mac instead of diff and log, brew install tig

Git local branch management
View, switch, create and delete branches

git br -r           # 查看远程分支
git br <new_branch> # 创建新的分支
git br -v           # 查看各个分支最后提交信息
git br --merged     # 查看已经被合并到当前分支的分支
git br --no-merged  # 查看尚未被合并到当前分支的分支
git co <branch>     # 切换到某个分支
git co -b <new_branch> # 创建新的分支,并且切换过去
git co -b <new_branch> <branch>  # 基于branch创建新的new_branch
git co $id          # 把某次历史提交记录checkout出来,但无分支信息,切换到其他分支会自动删除
git co $id -b <new_branch>  # 把某次历史提交记录checkout出来,创建成一个分支
git br -d <branch>  # 删除某个分支
git br -D <branch>  # 强制删除某个分支 (未被合并的分支被删除的时候需要强制)
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Branch merge and rebase

git merge <branch>               # 将branch分支合并到当前分支
git merge origin/master --no-ff  # 不要Fast-Foward合并,这样可以生成merge提交
git rebase master <branch>       # 将master rebase到branch,相当于:
git co <branch> && git rebase master && git co master && git merge <branch>
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Git patch management (convenient for multiple machines) Used when developing and synchronizing)

git diff > ../sync.patch         # 生成补丁
git apply ../sync.patch          # 打补丁
git apply --check ../sync.patch  # 测试补丁能否成功
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Git temporary management

git stash                        # 暂存
git stash list                   # 列所有stash
git stash apply                  # 恢复暂存的内容
git stash drop                   # 删除暂存区
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Git remote branch management

git pull                         # 抓取远程仓库所有分支更新并合并到本地
git pull --no-ff                 # 抓取远程仓库所有分支更新并合并到本地,不要快进合并
git fetch origin                 # 抓取远程仓库更新
git merge origin/master          # 将远程主分支合并到本地当前分支
git co --track origin/branch     # 跟踪某个远程分支创建相应的本地分支
git co -b <local_branch> origin/<remote_branch>  # 基于远程分支创建本地分支,功能同上
git push                         # push所有分支
git push origin master           # 将本地主分支推到远程主分支
git push -u origin master        # 将本地主分支推到远程(如无远程主分支则创建,用于初始化远程仓库)
git push origin <local_branch>   # 创建远程分支, origin是远程仓库名
git push origin <local_branch>:<remote_branch>  # 创建远程分支
git push origin :<remote_branch>  #先删除本地分支(git br -d <branch>),然后再push删除远程分支
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Git remote warehouse management

git remote -v                    # 查看远程服务器地址和仓库名称
git remote show origin           # 查看远程服务器仓库状态
git remote add origin git@github:robbin/robbin_site.git         # 添加远程仓库地址
git remote set-url origin git@github.com:robbin/robbin_site.git # 设置远程仓库地址(用于修改远程仓库地址)
git remote rm <repository>       # 删除远程仓库
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Create remote warehouse

git clone --bare robbin_site robbin_site.git  # 用带版本的项目创建纯版本仓库
scp -r my_project.git git@git.csdn.net:~      # 将纯仓库上传到服务器上
mkdir robbin_site.git && cd robbin_site.git && git --bare init # 在服务器创建纯仓库
git remote add origin git@github.com:robbin/robbin_site.git    # 设置远程仓库地址
git push -u origin master                                      # 客户端首次提交
git push -u origin develop  # 首次将本地develop分支提交到远程develop分支,并且track
git remote set-head origin master   # 设置远程仓库的HEAD指向master分支
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You can also command to set up tracking remote libraries and local libraries

git branch --set-upstream master origin/master
git branch --set-upstream develop origin/develop
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