Summary:
Detailed explanation of Java reflection mechanism
1 What is the reflection mechanism?
The reflection mechanism is in the running state. For any class, all properties and methods of this class can be known; for any object, it can be called Any of its methods and properties; this dynamically obtained information and the function of dynamically calling the object's methods are called the reflection mechanism of the Java language.
2 What the reflection mechanism can do
The reflection mechanism mainly provides the following functions:
Judge the class to which any object belongs at runtime;
Construct an object of any class at runtime;
Due to the following functions at runtime: Determine the member variables and methods of any class;
Call the method of any object at runtime;
Generate a dynamic proxy.
3 Related APIs of the reflection mechanism
Get the complete package name and class name through an object
Java | Copy
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
TestReflect testReflect = new TestReflect();
System.out.println(testReflect.getClass().getName());
// 结果 net.xsoftlab.baike.TestReflect
}
}Instantiate the Class class object
Java | Copy
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class<?> class1 = null;
Class<?> class2 = null;
Class<?> class3 = null;
// 一般采用这种形式
class1 = Class.forName("net.xsoftlab.baike.TestReflect");
class2 = new TestReflect().getClass();
class3 = TestReflect.class;
System.out.println("类名称 " + class1.getName());
System.out.println("类名称 " + class2.getName());
System.out.println("类名称 " + class3.getName());
}
}Get the parent of an object Interface between class and implementation
Java | Copy
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class TestReflect implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2862585049955236662L;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("net.xsoftlab.baike.TestReflect");
// 取得父类
Class<?> parentClass = clazz.getSuperclass();
System.out.println("clazz的父类为：" + parentClass.getName());
// clazz的父类为： java.lang.Object
// 获取所有的接口
Class<?> intes[] = clazz.getInterfaces();
System.out.println("clazz实现的接口有：");
for (int i = 0; i < intes.length; i++) {
System.out.println((i + 1) + "：" + intes[i].getName());
}
// clazz实现的接口有：
// 1：java.io.Serializable
}
}Get all the constructors in a class - see the example below for details
Instantiate an object of a class through the reflection mechanism
Java | Copy
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class<?> class1 = null;
class1 = Class.forName("net.xsoftlab.baike.User");
// 第一种方法，实例化默认构造方法，调用set赋值
User user = (User) class1.newInstance();
user.setAge(20);
user.setName("Rollen");
System.out.println(user);
// 结果 User [age=20, name=Rollen]
// 第二种方法 取得全部的构造函数 使用构造函数赋值
Constructor<?> cons[] = class1.getConstructors();
// 查看每个构造方法需要的参数
for (int i = 0; i < cons.length; i++) {
Class<?> clazzs[] = cons[i].getParameterTypes();
System.out.print("cons[" + i + "] (");
for (int j = 0; j < clazzs.length; j++) {
if (j == clazzs.length - 1)
System.out.print(clazzs[j].getName());
else
System.out.print(clazzs[j].getName() + ",");
}
System.out.println(")");
}
// 结果
// cons[0] (java.lang.String)
// cons[1] (int,java.lang.String)
// cons[2] ()
user = (User) cons[0].newInstance("Rollen");
System.out.println(user);
// 结果 User [age=0, name=Rollen]
user = (User) cons[1].newInstance(20, "Rollen");
System.out.println(user);
// 结果 User [age=20, name=Rollen]
}
}
class User {
private int age;
private String name;
public User() {
super();
}
public User(String name) {
super();
this.name = name;
}
public User(int age, String name) {
super();
this.age = age;
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "User [age=" + age + ", name=" + name + "]";
}
}Get a certain All attributes of a class
Java | Copy
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
public class TestReflect implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2862585049955236662L;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("net.xsoftlab.baike.TestReflect");
System.out.println("===============本类属性===============");
// 取得本类的全部属性
Field[] field = clazz.getDeclaredFields();
for (int i = 0; i < field.length; i++) {
// 权限修饰符
int mo = field[i].getModifiers();
String priv = Modifier.toString(mo);
// 属性类型
Class<?> type = field[i].getType();
System.out.println(priv + " " + type.getName() + " " + field[i].getName() + ";");
}
System.out.println("==========实现的接口或者父类的属性==========");
// 取得实现的接口或者父类的属性
Field[] filed1 = clazz.getFields();
for (int j = 0; j < filed1.length; j++) {
// 权限修饰符
int mo = filed1[j].getModifiers();
String priv = Modifier.toString(mo);
// 属性类型
Class<?> type = filed1[j].getType();
System.out.println(priv + " " + type.getName() + " " + filed1[j].getName() + ";");
}
}
}Get all methods of a class
Java | Copy
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
public class TestReflect implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2862585049955236662L;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("net.xsoftlab.baike.TestReflect");
Method method[] = clazz.getMethods();
for (int i = 0; i < method.length; ++i) {
Class<?> returnType = method[i].getReturnType();
Class<?> para[] = method[i].getParameterTypes();
int temp = method[i].getModifiers();
System.out.print(Modifier.toString(temp) + " ");
System.out.print(returnType.getName() + " ");
System.out.print(method[i].getName() + " ");
System.out.print("(");
for (int j = 0; j < para.length; ++j) {
System.out.print(para[j].getName() + " " + "arg" + j);
if (j < para.length - 1) {
System.out.print(",");
}
}
Class<?> exce[] = method[i].getExceptionTypes();
if (exce.length > 0) {
System.out.print(") throws ");
for (int k = 0; k < exce.length; ++k) {
System.out.print(exce[k].getName() + " ");
if (k < exce.length - 1) {
System.out.print(",");
}
}
} else {
System.out.print(")");
}
System.out.println();
}
}
}Call methods of a class through reflection mechanism
Java | Copy
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("net.xsoftlab.baike.TestReflect");
// 调用TestReflect类中的reflect1方法
Method method = clazz.getMethod("reflect1");
method.invoke(clazz.newInstance());
// Java 反射机制 - 调用某个类的方法1.
// 调用TestReflect的reflect2方法
method = clazz.getMethod("reflect2", int.class, String.class);
method.invoke(clazz.newInstance(), 20, "张三");
// Java 反射机制 - 调用某个类的方法2.
// age -> 20. name -> 张三
}
public void reflect1() {
System.out.println("Java 反射机制 - 调用某个类的方法1.");
}
public void reflect2(int age, String name) {
System.out.println("Java 反射机制 - 调用某个类的方法2.");
System.out.println("age -> " + age + ". name -> " + name);
}
}Operate a class through reflection mechanism Attributes of a class
Java | Copy
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.lang.reflect.Field;
public class TestReflect {
private String proprety = null;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
Class<?> clazz = Class.forName("net.xsoftlab.baike.TestReflect");
Object obj = clazz.newInstance();
// 可以直接对 private 的属性赋值
Field field = clazz.getDeclaredField("proprety");
field.setAccessible(true);
field.set(obj, "Java反射机制");
System.out.println(field.get(obj));
}
}Dynamic proxy of reflection mechanism
Java | Copy
// 获取类加载器的方法
TestReflect testReflect = new TestReflect();
System.out.println("类加载器 " + testReflect.getClass().getClassLoader().getClass().getName());
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationHandler;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
//定义项目接口
interface Subject {
public String say(String name, int age);
}
// 定义真实项目
class RealSubject implements Subject {
public String say(String name, int age) {
return name + " " + age;
}
}
class MyInvocationHandler implements InvocationHandler {
private Object obj = null;
public Object bind(Object obj) {
this.obj = obj;
return Proxy.newProxyInstance(obj.getClass().getClassLoader(), obj.getClass().getInterfaces(), this);
}
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
Object temp = method.invoke(this.obj, args);
return temp;
}
}
/**
* 在java中有三种类类加载器。
*
* 1）Bootstrap ClassLoader 此加载器采用c++编写，一般开发中很少见。
*
* 2）Extension ClassLoader 用来进行扩展类的加载，一般对应的是jrelibext目录中的类
*
* 3）AppClassLoader 加载classpath指定的类，是最常用的加载器。同时也是java中默认的加载器。
*
* 如果想要完成动态代理，首先需要定义一个InvocationHandler接口的子类，已完成代理的具体操作。
*
* @author xsoftlab.net
*
*/
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
MyInvocationHandler demo = new MyInvocationHandler();
Subject sub = (Subject) demo.bind(new RealSubject());
String info = sub.say("Rollen", 20);
System.out.println(info);
}
}4 Application examples of reflection mechanism
Store an object of type String in an ArrayList with a generic Integer.
Java | Copy
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
ArrayList<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
Method method = list.getClass().getMethod("add", Object.class);
method.invoke(list, "Java反射机制实例。");
System.out.println(list.get(0));
}
}Get and modify the array information through reflection
Java | Copy
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int[] temp = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
Class<?> demo = temp.getClass().getComponentType();
System.out.println("数组类型： " + demo.getName());
System.out.println("数组长度 " + Array.getLength(temp));
System.out.println("数组的第一个元素: " + Array.get(temp, 0));
Array.set(temp, 0, 100);
System.out.println("修改之后数组第一个元素为： " + Array.get(temp, 0));
}
}Modify the size of the array through reflection mechanism
Java | Copy
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int[] temp = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
int[] newTemp = (int[]) arrayInc(temp, 15);
print(newTemp);
String[] atr = { "a", "b", "c" };
String[] str1 = (String[]) arrayInc(atr, 8);
print(str1);
}
// 修改数组大小
public static Object arrayInc(Object obj, int len) {
Class<?> arr = obj.getClass().getComponentType();
Object newArr = Array.newInstance(arr, len);
int co = Array.getLength(obj);
System.arraycopy(obj, 0, newArr, 0, co);
return newArr;
}
// 打印
public static void print(Object obj) {
Class<?> c = obj.getClass();
if (!c.isArray()) {
return;
}
System.out.println("数组长度为： " + Array.getLength(obj));
for (int i = 0; i < Array.getLength(obj); i++) {
System.out.print(Array.get(obj, i) + " ");
}
System.out.println();
}
}将反射机制应用于工厂模式
Java | 复制
package net.xsoftlab.baike;
interface fruit {
public abstract void eat();
}
class Apple implements fruit {
public void eat() {
System.out.println("Apple");
}
}
class Orange implements fruit {
public void eat() {
System.out.println("Orange");
}
}
class Factory {
public static fruit getInstance(String ClassName) {
fruit f = null;
try {
f = (fruit) Class.forName(ClassName).newInstance();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return f;
}
}
/**
* 对于普通的工厂模式当我们在添加一个子类的时候，就需要对应的修改工厂类。 当我们添加很多的子类的时候，会很麻烦。
* Java 工厂模式可以参考
* http://baike.xsoftlab.net/view/java-factory-pattern
*
* 现在我们利用反射机制实现工厂模式，可以在不修改工厂类的情况下添加任意多个子类。
*
* 但是有一点仍然很麻烦，就是需要知道完整的包名和类名，这里可以使用properties配置文件来完成。
*
* java 读取 properties 配置文件 的方法可以参考
* http://baike.xsoftlab.net/view/java-read-the-properties-configuration-file
*
* @author xsoftlab.net
*/
public class TestReflect {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
fruit f = Factory.getInstance("net.xsoftlab.baike.Apple");
if (f != null) {
f.eat();
}
}
}
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