


Building a Website Using Web Standards Day 9: Getting Started with CSS Layout
接下来开始要真正设计布局了。和传统的方法一样,你首先要在脑海里有大致的轮廓构想,然后用photoshop把它画出来。你可能看到有关web标准的站点大都很朴素,因为web标准更关注结构和内容,实际上它与网页的美观没有根本冲突,你想怎么设计就怎么设计,用传统表格方法实现的布局,用DIV也可以实现。技术有一个成熟的过程,把DIV看成和TABLE一样的工具,如何运用就看你的想象力了。
注:在实际应用过程中,DIV在有些地方的确不如表格方便,比如背景色的定义。但任何事情都有得有失,取舍在于你的价值判断。好,不罗嗦了,我们开始:
1.确定布局
w3cn的最初设计草图如下:
用表格的设计方法的话,一般都是上中下三行布局。用DIV的话,我考虑使用三列来布局,成为这样。
2.定义body样式
先定义整个页面的body的样式,代码如下:
body { MARGIN: 0px;
PADDING: 0px;
BACKGROUND: url(../images/bg_logo.gif) #FEFEFE no-repeat right bottom;
FONT-FAMILY: 'Lucida Grande','Lucida Sans Unicode','宋体','新宋体',arial,verdana,sans-serif;
COLOR: #666;
FONT-SIZE:12px;
LINE-HEIGHT:150%; }
以上代码的作用在上一天的教程有详细说明,大家应该一看就明白。定义了边框边距为0;背景颜色为#FEFEFE,背景图片为bg_logo.gif,图片位于页面右下角,不重复;定义了字体尺寸为12px;字体颜色为#666;行高150%。
3.定义主要的div
初次使用CSS布局,我决定采用固定宽度的三列布局(比自适应分辨率的设计简单,hoho,别说我偷懒,先实现简单的,增加点信心嘛!)。分别定义左中右的宽度为200:300:280,在CSS中如下定义:
/*定义页面左列样式*/
#left{ WIDTH:200px;
MARGIN: 0px;
PADDING: 0px;
BACKGROUND: #CDCDCD;
}
/*定义页面中列样式*/
#middle{ POSITION: absolute;
LEFT:200px;
TOP:0px;
WIDTH:300px;
MARGIN: 0px;
PADDING: 0px;
BACKGROUND: #DADADA;
}
/*定义页面右列样式*/
#right{ POSITION: absolute;
LEFT:500px;
TOP:0px;
WIDTH:280px;
MARGIN: 0px;
PADDING: 0px;
BACKGROUND: #FFF; }
注意:定义中列和右列div我都采用了
POSITION: absolute;
,然后分别定义了
LEFT:200px;TOP:0px;
和
LEFT:500px;TOP:0px;
这是这个布局的关键,我采用了层的绝对定位。定义中间列距离页面左边框200px,距离顶部0px;定义右列距离页面左边框500px,距离顶部0px;。
这时候整个页面的代码是:

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