Processing of Cookies in Python (1) Cookie Library

Cookies are used by the server to implement sessions, state management when users log in and related functions. To install a cookie on the user's browser, the HTTP server adds an HTTP header similar to the following to the HTTP response:

Set-Cookie: session=8345234;expires=Sun, 15-Nov-2013 15:00:00 GMT; path= /;domain=baidu.com

expires is the life cycle of the cookie, path is the valid path of the cookie, domain is the valid domain of the cookie.

Path "path" is used to set the top-level directory that can read a cookie ． Setting the cookie path to the top-level directory of your web page allows all web pages in that directory to access the cookie.

Method: Add path=/ to your cookie; If you only want web pages in the "food" directory to use this cookie, then you add path=/food.

domain: Some websites have many small domain names , for example, Baidu may also have web pages under the domain names "news.baidu.com", "zhidao.baidu.com" and "v.baidu.com". If you want all machines under "baidu.com" to be able to read the cookie, you must add "domain=.baidu.com" to the cookie.

The user's browser will store the cookie until it expires, and the browser will send an HTTP request header similar to the following to the server that matches the path and domain:

Cookie: session=8345234.

For example, when logging in to www.baidu.com, the cookie in the HTTP response header sent back by the Baidu server is:

Set-Cookie:H_PS_PSSID=4681_4567_1452_9876_4759; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
Set-Cookie: BDSVRTM=74; path=/　

Browser HTTP request header:

Cookie:BAIDUID=0FD996SDFG12********107B9C227F4C:FG=1; locale=zh; bdshare_firstime=1384567418140; NBID=D830DD2345HH2818 A9F4134E5A2D778D3B: FG=1; H_PS_LC=4_shadu2014; BD_CK_SAM=1; H_PS_PSSID=4681_4567_1452_9876_4759

When the browser sends the cookie back to the HTTP server, it uses the encoding form of the key=value string and does not return optional attributes such as expires, path and domain.

The cookie string is usually located in the HTTP_COOKIE environment variable and can be read as follows:

import osPRint "Content-type: text/plainn"
if "HTTP_COOKIE" in os.environ:
print os.environ["HTTP_COOKIE"]
else:
print "HTTP_COOKIE not set!"

The Cookie module in Python (http.cookies in python3) provides a special dictionary-like object SimpleCookie, which stores and manages a collection of cookie values ​​called Morsel.

Each Morsel has name, value and optional attributes (expires, path, domain, comment, max-age, secure, version, httponly).

SimpleCookie can use the output() method to create cookie data output in the form of HTTP headers, and the js_output() method to generate a string containing javascript code.

Generate cookie with HTTP_COOKIE:

cookie=Cookie.SimpleCookie(os.environ['HTTP_COOKIE'])
print cookie.output()

set cookie:

import Cookie
import datetime
import random

expiration = datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
cookie = Cookie.SimpleCookie()
cookie["session"] = random.randint(1,1000000000)
cookie["session"][" domain"] = ".baidu.com"
cookie["session"]["path"] = "/"
cookie["session"]["expires"] = expiration.strftime("%a, %d- %b-%Y %H:%M:%S PST")

print "Content-type: text/plain"
print cookie.output()
print
print "Cookie set with: " + cookie.output( )

Output:

Content-type: text/plain
Set-Cookie: session=155209565; Domain=.jayconrod.com; expires=Mon, 03-Mar-2014 07:42:47 PST; Path=/ Cookie set with: Set-Cookie: session=155209565; Domain=.jayconrod.com; expires=Mon, 03-Mar-2014

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