[python tutorial] python GUI programming (Tkinter)

python GUI programming (Tkinter)

python provides multiple graphical development interface libraries. Several commonly used Python GUI libraries are as follows:

Tkinter: The Tkinter module ("Tk interface") is the interface of Python's standard Tk GUI toolkit .Tk and Tkinter can be used on most Unix platforms, and can also be applied on Windows and Macintosh systems. Subsequent versions of Tk8.0 can implement local window styles and run well on most platforms.

wxPython: wxPython is an open source software and an excellent GUI graphics library for the Python language, allowing Python programmers to easily create a complete GUI user interface with full function keys.

Jython: Jython programs can be seamlessly integrated with Java. In addition to some standard modules, Jython uses Java modules. Jython has almost all modules in standard Python that do not depend on the C language. For example, Jython's user interface will use Swing, AWT or SWT. Jython can be dynamically or statically compiled into Java bytecode.

Tkinter Programming

Tkinter is the standard GUI library for Python. Python uses Tkinter to quickly create GUI applications.

Since Tkinter is built into the python installation package, you can import the Tkinter library as long as Python is installed, and IDLE is also written in Tkinter. Tkinter can still handle the simple graphical interface easily.

Create a GUI program

1. Import the Tkinter module

2. Create a control

3. Specify the master of this control, that is, which one this control belongs to

4. Tell GM (geometry manager) that a control has been generated .

Example:

#!/usr/bin/python

import Tkinter
top = Tkinter.Tk()
# Enter the message loop
top.mainloop()

The above code execution result is as shown below:

Tkinter Components

Tkinter provides various controls, such as buttons, labels and text boxes, for use in a GUI application. These controls are often called controls or widgets.

There are currently 15 Tkinter widgets. We present these widgets along with a brief introduction in the table below:

Control

Description

Button Button control; displays a button in a program.

Canvas Canvas control; display graphic elements such as lines or text

Checkbutton Multi-select box control; used to provide multiple selection boxes in the program

Entry input control; used to display simple text content

Frame Frame control; Display a rectangular area on the screen, mostly used as a container

Label label control; can display text and bitmaps

Listbox list box control; the Listbox widget is used to display a list of strings to the user

Menubutton menu Button control, used to display menu items.

Menu Menu control; displays menu bar, drop-down menu and pop-up menu

Message Message control; used to display multi-line text, similar to label

Radiobutton Radio button control; displays the status of a radio button

Scale Range control; displays a numerical scale to output a limited range of digital intervals.

Scrollbar Scroll bar control, used when the content exceeds the visual area, such as a list box. .

Text Text control; used to display multi-line text

Toplevel Container control; used to provide a separate dialog box, similar to Frame

Spinbox Input control; similar to Entry, but you can specify the input range value

PanedWindow PanedWindow is a window layout management plug-in that can contain one or more sub-controls.

LabelFrame labelframe is a simple container control. Commonly used and complex window layouts.

tkMessageBox is used to display the message box of your application.

Standard properties

Standard properties are the common properties of all controls, such as size, font, color, etc.

Property Description

Dimension Control size;

Color Control color;

Font Control font;

Anchor Anchor point;

Relief Control style;

Bitmap Bitmap;

Cursor Cursor;

Geometry management

Tkinter control has a specific geometric state management method to manage the entire control area organization. The following are the geometry management classes exposed by Tkinter: package, grid, position

Geometry method Description

pack() Packaging;

grid() Grid;

place() Position;

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