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Java Operators

One of the most basic uses of computers is to perform mathematical operations. As a computer language, Java also provides a rich set of operators to manipulate variables. We can divide the operators into the following groups:

Arithmetic operators

Relational operators

Bitwise operators

Logical operators

Assignment Operator

Other Operators

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used in mathematical expressions, and they work the same as they do in mathematics. The following table lists all arithmetic operators.

The example in the table assumes that the value of integer variable A is 10 and the value of variable B is 20:

Operator

Description

Example

+ Addition - the values on both sides of the addition operator A + B equals 30

- Subtraction - the left operand Subtract the right operand A – B equals -10

* Multiplication - multiply the values on both sides of the operator A * B equals 200

/ Division - divide the left operand by the right operand B / A is equal to 2

% Modulo - the remainder of the right operand divided by the left operand B%A is equal to 0

+ + Autoincrement - the value of the operand is increased by 1 B + + is equal to 21

- Decrement - the value of the operand is reduced by 1 B - - equals 19

Example

The following simple example program demonstrates the arithmetic operators. Copy and paste the following Java program and save it as a Test.java file, then compile and run the program:

public class Test {

  public static void main(String args[]) {
     int a = 10;
     int b = 20;
     int c = 25;
     int d = 25;
     System.out.println("a + b = " + (a + b) );
     System.out.println("a - b = " + (a - b) );
     System.out.println("a * b = " + (a * b) );
     System.out.println("b / a = " + (b / a) );
     System.out.println("b % a = " + (b % a) );
     System.out.println("c % a = " + (c % a) );
     System.out.println("a++   = " +  (a++) );
     System.out.println("b--   = " +  (a--) );
     // Check the difference in d++ and ++d
     System.out.println("d++   = " +  (d++) );
     System.out.println("++d   = " +  (++d) );
  }
}

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The above example compiles and runs the result as follows:

a + b = 30
a - b = -10
a * b = 200
b / a = 2
b % a = 0
c % a = 5
a++   = 10
b--   = 11
d++   = 25
++d   = 27

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Relational operator

The following table shows the relational operators supported by Java

The value of the example integer variable A in the table is 10, and the value of variable B is 20:

Operator

Description

Example

== Check if the values of the two operands are equal. If they are equal, the condition is real. (A == B) is false (not true).

!= Checks if the values of the two operands are equal. If the values are not equal, the condition is true. (A != B) is true.

> Check whether the value of the left operand is greater than the value of the right operand, if so then the condition is true. (A> B) is not true.

< Checks whether the value of the left operand is less than the value of the right operand, if so then the condition is true. (A

> = Check whether the value of the left operand is greater than or equal to the value of the right operand, if so then the condition is true. (A> = B) is false.

<= Checks whether the value of the left operand is less than or equal to the value of the right operand, if so then the condition is true. (A <= B) is true.

Example

The following simple example program demonstrates the relational operators. Copy and paste the following Java program and save it as a Test.java file, then compile and run the program:

public class Test {

  public static void main(String args[]) {
     int a = 10;
     int b = 20;
     System.out.println("a == b = " + (a == b) );
     System.out.println("a != b = " + (a != b) );
     System.out.println("a > b = " + (a > b) );
     System.out.println("a < b = " + (a < b) );
     System.out.println("b >= a = " + (b >= a) );
     System.out.println("b <= a = " + (b <= a) );
  }
}

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The above example compilation and running results are as follows:

a == b = false
a != b = true
a > b = false
a < b = true
b >= a = true
b <= a = false

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Bitwise operators

Java defines bitwise operators, which are applied to integer types (int), long integer (long), short integer (short), character type (char), and byte type (byte). The

bitwise operators operate on all bits and operate bitwise. Assume a = 60, and b = 13; their binary format representation will be as follows:

A = 0011 1100
B = 0000 1101
-----------------
A&b = 0000 1100
A | B = 0011 1101
^ B = 0011 0001
~A= 1100 0011

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The following table lists the basic operations of bit operators, assuming the value of integer variable A is 60 and the value of variable B For 13:

Operator

Description

Example

& Bitwise AND operator, the result is 1 if and only if a certain bit of both operands is non-0. (A&B), get 12, that is, 0000 1100

| Bitwise OR operator, as long as one of the two operands has a non-0, the result bit will be 1. (A | B) gets 61, which is 0011 1101

^ 按位异或操作符，两个操作数的某一位不相同时候结果的该位就为1。（A ^ B）得到49，即 0011 0001

〜按位补运算符翻转操作数的每一位。（〜A）得到-60，即1100 0011

<< 按位左移运算符。左操作数按位左移右操作数指定的位数。 A << 2得到240，即 1111 0000

>> 按位右移运算符。左操作数按位右移右操作数指定的位数。 A >> 2得到15即 1111

>>> 按位右移补零操作符。左操作数的值按右操作数指定的位数右移，移动得到的空位以零填充。 A>>>2得到15即0000 1111

实例

下面的简单示例程序演示了位运算符。复制并粘贴下面的Java程序并保存为Test.java文件，然后编译并运行这个程序：

public class Test {
  public static void main(String args[]) {
     int a = 60; /* 60 = 0011 1100 */ 
     int b = 13; /* 13 = 0000 1101 */
     int c = 0;
     c = a & b;       /* 12 = 0000 1100 */
     System.out.println("a & b = " + c );

     c = a | b;       /* 61 = 0011 1101 */
     System.out.println("a | b = " + c );

     c = a ^ b;       /* 49 = 0011 0001 */
     System.out.println("a ^ b = " + c );

     c = ~a;          /*-61 = 1100 0011 */
     System.out.println("~a = " + c );

     c = a << 2;     /* 240 = 1111 0000 */
     System.out.println("a << 2 = " + c );

     c = a >> 2;     /* 215 = 1111 */
     System.out.println("a >> 2  = " + c );
  
     c = a >>> 2;     /* 215 = 0000 1111 */
     System.out.println("a >>> 2 = " + c );
  }
}

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以上实例编译运行结果如下：

a & b = 12
a | b = 61
a ^ b = 49
~a = -61
a << 2 = 240
a >> 15
a >>> 15

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逻辑运算符

下表列出了逻辑运算符的基本运算，假设布尔变量A为真，变量B为假

操作符

描述

例子

&& 称为逻辑与运算符。当且仅当两个操作数都为真，条件才为真。（A && B）为假。

| | 称为逻辑或操作符。如果任何两个操作数任何一个为真，条件为真。（A | | B）为真。

！称为逻辑非运算符。用来反转操作数的逻辑状态。如果条件为true，则逻辑非运算符将得到false。！（A && B）为真。

实例

下面的简单示例程序演示了逻辑运算符。复制并粘贴下面的Java程序并保存为Test.java文件，然后编译并运行这个程序：

public class Test {
  public static void main(String args[]) {
     boolean a = true;
     boolean b = false;
     System.out.println("a && b = " + (a&&b));
     System.out.println("a || b = " + (a||b) );
     System.out.println("!(a && b) = " + !(a && b));
  }
}

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以上实例编译运行结果如下：

a && b = false
a || b = true
!(a && b) = true

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赋值运算符

下面是Java语言支持的赋值运算符：

操作符

描述

例子

= 简单的赋值运算符，将右操作数的值赋给左侧操作数 C = A + B将把A + B得到的值赋给C

+ = 加和赋值操作符，它把左操作数和右操作数相加赋值给左操作数 C + = A等价于C = C + A

- = 减和赋值操作符，它把左操作数和右操作数相减赋值给左操作数 C - = A等价于C = C -
A

* = 乘和赋值操作符，它把左操作数和右操作数相乘赋值给左操作数 C * = A等价于C = C * A

/ = 除和赋值操作符，它把左操作数和右操作数相除赋值给左操作数 C / = A等价于C = C / A

（％）= 取模和赋值操作符，它把左操作数和右操作数取模后赋值给左操作数 C％= A等价于C = C％A

<< = 左移位赋值运算符 C << = 2等价于C = C << 2

>> = 右移位赋值运算符 C >> = 2等价于C = C >> 2

＆= 按位与赋值运算符 C＆= 2等价于C = C＆2

^ = 按位异或赋值操作符 C ^ = 2等价于C = C ^ 2

| = 按位或赋值操作符 C | = 2等价于C = C | 2

实例

面的简单示例程序演示了赋值运算符。复制并粘贴下面的Java程序并保存为Test.java文件，然后编译并运行这个程序：

public class Test {
  public static void main(String args[]) {
     int a = 10;
     int b = 20;
     int c = 0;
     c = a + b;
     System.out.println("c = a + b = " + c );
     c += a ;
     System.out.println("c += a  = " + c );
     c -= a ;
     System.out.println("c -= a = " + c );
     c *= a ;
     System.out.println("c *= a = " + c );
     a = 10;
     c = 15;
     c /= a ;
     System.out.println("c /= a = " + c );
     a = 10;
     c = 15;
     c %= a ;
     System.out.println("c %= a  = " + c );
     c <<= 2 ;
     System.out.println("c <<= 2 = " + c );
     c >>= 2 ;
     System.out.println("c >>= 2 = " + c );
     c >>= 2 ;
     System.out.println("c >>= a = " + c );
     c &= a ;
     System.out.println("c &= 2  = " + c );
     c ^= a ;
     System.out.println("c ^= a   = " + c );
     c |= a ;
     System.out.println("c |= a   = " + c );
  }
}

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以上实例编译运行结果如下：

c = a + b = 30
c += a  = 40
c -= a = 30
c *= a = 300
c /= a = 1
c %= a  = 5
c <<= 2 = 20
c >>= 2 = 5
c >>= 2 = 1
c &= a  = 0
c ^= a   = 10
c |= a   = 10

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条件运算符（?:）

条件运算符也被称为三元运算符。该运算符有3个操作数，并且需要判断布尔表达式的值。该运算符的主要是决定哪个值应该赋值给变量。

variable x = (expression) ? value if true : value if false

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实例

public class Test {
   public static void main(String args[]){
      int a , b;   
      a = 10;    
b = (a == 1) ? 20: 30;    
System.out.println( "Value of b is : " +  b );
      b = (a == 10) ? 20: 30;    
     System.out.println( "Value of b is : " + b );
   }

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以上实例编译运行结果如下：

Value of b is : 30
Value of b is : 20

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instanceOf 运算符

该运算符用于操作对象实例，检查该对象是否是一个特定类型（类类型或接口类型）。

instanceof运算符使用格式如下：

( Object reference variable ) instanceOf  (class/interface type)

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如果运算符左侧变量所指的对象，是操作符右侧类或接口(class/interface)的一个对象，那么结果为真。

下面是一个例子：

String name = &#39;James&#39;;
boolean result = name instanceOf String; // 由于name是Strine类型，所以返回真

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如果被比较的对象兼容于右侧类型,该运算符仍然返回true。

看下面的例子：

class Vehicle {}

public class Car extends Vehicle {
   public static void main(String args[]){
      Vehicle a = new Car();
      boolean result =  a instanceof Car;
      System.out.println( result);
   }
}

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以上实例编译运行结果如下：