C++ Assert() assertion mechanism principle and usage
MSDN原文如是说:
Evaluates an expression and, when the result is false, prints a diagnostic message and aborts the program.
(判断一个表达式,如果结果为假,输出诊断消息并中止程序。)
void assert( int expression );
参数:Expression (including pointers) that evaluates to nonzero or 0.(表达式【包括指针】是非零或零)
原理:assert的作用是现计算表达式 expression ,如果其值为假(即为0),那么它先向stderr打印一条出错信息,然后通过调用 abort 来终止程序运行。
MSDN示例程序;
// crt_assert.c // compile with: /c #include <stdio.h> #include <assert.h> #include <string.h> void analyze_string( char *string ); // Prototype int main( void ) { char test1[] = "abc", *test2 = NULL, test3[] = ""; printf ( "Analyzing string '%s'\n", test1 ); fflush( stdout ); analyze_string( test1 ); printf ( "Analyzing string '%s'\n", test2 ); fflush( stdout ); analyze_string( test2 ); printf ( "Analyzing string '%s'\n", test3 ); fflush( stdout ); analyze_string( test3 ); } // Tests a string to see if it is NULL, // empty, or longer than 0 characters. void analyze_string( char * string ) { assert( string != NULL ); // Cannot be NULL assert( *string != '\0' ); // Cannot be empty assert( strlen( string ) > 2 ); // Length must exceed 2 }
输出结果
Analyzing string 'abc' Analyzing string '(null)' Assertion failed: string != NULL, file assert.cpp, line 25 abnormal program termination
用法总结:
1)在函数开始处检验传入参数的合法性
如:
int resetBufferSize(int nNewSize)
{
//功能:改变缓冲区大小,
//参数:nNewSize 缓冲区新长度
//返回值:缓冲区当前长度
//说明:保持原信息内容不变 nNewSize<=0表示清除缓冲区
assert(nNewSize >= 0);
assert(nNewSize <= MAX_BUFFER_SIZE);
...
}
2)每个assert只检验一个条件,因为同时检验多个条件时,如果断言失败,无法直观的判断是哪个条件失败
不好: assert(nOffset>=0 && nOffset+nSize<=m_nInfomationSize);
好: assert(nOffset >= 0);
assert(nOffset+nSize <= m_nInfomationSize);
3)不能使用改变环境的语句,因为assert只在DEBUG个生效,如果这么做,会使用程序在真正运行时遇到问题
错误: assert(i++ < 100)
这是因为如果出错,比如在执行之前i=100,那么这条语句就不会执行,那么i++这条命令就没有执行。
正确: assert(i < 100);
i++;
4)assert和后面的语句应空一行,以形成逻辑和视觉上的一致感
5)有的地方,assert不能代替条件过滤
ASSERT只有在Debug版本中才有效,如果编译为Release版本则被忽略掉。(在C中,ASSERT是宏而不是函数),使用ASSERT“断言”容易在debug时输出程序错误所在。
而assert()的功能类似,它是ANSI C标准中规定的函数,它与ASSERT的一个重要区别是可以用在Release版本中。
使用assert的缺点是,频繁的调用会极大的影响程序的性能,增加额外的开销。
在调试结束后,可以通过在包含#include
#include
#define NDEBUG
#include
加入#define NDEBUG之后,上文第一个例子输出结果为:
Analyzing string 'abc' Analyzing string '(null)' Analyzing string ''
在面试中经常用到的一个题目:
已知memcpy的函数为: void* memcpy(void *dest , const void* src , size_t count)其中dest是目的指针,src是源指针。不调用c++/c的memcpy库函数,请编写memcpy。
void* memcpy(void *dst, const void *src, size_t count) { //安全检查 assert( (dst != NULL) && (src != NULL) ); unsigned char *pdst = (unsigned char *)dst; const unsigned char *psrc = (const unsigned char *)src; //防止内存重复 assert(!(psrc<=pdst && pdst<psrc+count)); assert(!(pdst<=psrc && psrc<pdst+count)); while(count--) { *pdst = *psrc; pdst++; psrc++; } return dst; }
以上就是C++ Assert()断言机制原理以及使用的内容,更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网(www.php.cn)!

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