Summary of six implementation methods of JSDOMReady event
在实际应用中，我们经常会遇到这样的场景，当页面加载完成后去做一些事情：绑定事件、DOM操作某些结点等。
原来比较常用的是window的onload 事件，而该事件的实际效果是：当页面解析/DOM树建立完成，并完成了诸如图片、脚本、样式表甚至是iframe中所有资源的下载后才触发的。
这对于很多实际的应用而言有点太“迟”了，比较影响用户体验。
为了解决这个问题，ff中便增加了一个DOMContentLoaded方法，与onload相比，该方法触发的时间更早，它是在页面的DOM内容加载完成后即触发，而无需等待其他资源的加载。
Webkit引擎从版本525（Webkit nightly 1/2008:525+）开始也引入了该事件，Opera中也包含该方法。到目前为止主流的IE仍然没有要添加的意思。
虽然IE下没有，但总是有解决办法的，下文对比了一下几大主流框架对于该事件的兼容性版本实现方案，涉及的框架包括：
1. Prototype
2. jQeury
3. moontools
4. dojo
5. yui
6. ext
一、Prototype
实现代码
(function() {
var timer;
function fireContentLoadedEvent() {
if (document.loaded) return;
if (timer) window.clearInterval(timer);
document.fire("dom:loaded");
document.loaded = true;
}
if (document.addEventListener) {
if (Prototype.Browser.WebKit) {
timer = window.setInterval(function() {
if (/loaded|complete/.test(document.readyState))
fireContentLoadedEvent();
}, 0);
Event.observe(window, "load", fireContentLoadedEvent);
} else {
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",
fireContentLoadedEvent, false);
}
} else {
document.write("<"+"script id=__onDOMContentLoaded defer src=//:><\/script>");
$("__onDOMContentLoaded").onreadystatechange = function() {
if (this.readyState == "complete") {
this.onreadystatechange = null;
fireContentLoadedEvent();
}
};
}
})();实现思路如下：
如果是webkit则轮询document的readyState属性，如果该属性的值为loaded或complete则触发DOMContentLoaded事件，为保险起见，将该事件注册到window.onload上。
如果是FF则直接注册DOMContentLoaded事件。
如果是IE则使用document.write往页面中加入一个script元素，并设置defer属性，最后是把该脚本的加载完成视作DOMContentLoaded事件来触发。
该实现方式的问题主要有两点：第一、通过document.write写script并设置defer的方法在页面包含iframe的情况下，会等到 iframe内的内容加载完后才触发，这与onload没有太大的区别；第二、Webkit在525以上的版本引入了DOMContentLoaded方法，因此在这些版本中无需再通过轮询来实现，可以优化。
二、jQuery
function bindReady(){
if ( readyBound ) return;
readyBound = true;
// Mozilla, Opera and webkit nightlies currently support this event
if ( document.addEventListener ) {
// Use the handy event callback
document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function(){
document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", arguments.callee, false );
jQuery.ready();
}, false );
// If IE event model is used
} else if ( document.attachEvent ) {
// ensure firing before onload,
// maybe late but safe also for iframes
document.attachEvent("onreadystatechange", function(){
if ( document.readyState === "complete" ) {
document.detachEvent( "onreadystatechange", arguments.callee );
jQuery.ready();
}
});
// If IE and not an iframe
// continually check to see if the document is ready
if ( document.documentElement.doScroll && typeof window.frameElement === "undefined" ) (function(){
if ( jQuery.isReady ) return;
try {
// If IE is used, use the trick by Diego Perini
// http://javascript.nwbox.com/IEContentLoaded/
document.documentElement.doScroll("left");
} catch( error ) {
setTimeout( arguments.callee, 0 );
return;
}
// and execute any waiting functions
jQuery.ready();
})();
}
// A fallback to window.onload, that will always work
jQuery.event.add( window, "load", jQuery.ready );
}实现思路如下：
将Webkit与Firefox同等对待，都是直接注册DOMContentLoaded事件，但是由于Webkit是在525以上版本才引入的，因此存在兼容性的隐患。
对于IE，首先注册document的onreadystatechange事件，经测试，该方式与window.onload相当，依然会等到所有资源下载完毕后才触发。
之后，判断如果是IE并且页面不在iframe当中，则通过setTiemout来不断的调用documentElement的doScroll方法，直到调用成功则
出触发DOMContentLoaded
jQuery对于IE的解决方案，使用了一种新的方法，该方法源自http://javascript.nwbox.com/IEContentLoaded/。它的原理是，在IE下，DOM的某些方法只有在DOM解析完成后才可以调用，doScroll就是这样一个方法，反过来当能调用doScroll的时候即是DOM解析完成之时，与prototype中的document.write相比，该方案可以解决页面有iframe时失效的问题。此外，jQuery 似乎担心当页面处于iframe中时，该方法会失效，因此实现代码中做了判断，如果是在iframe中则通过document的 onreadystatechange来实现，否则通过doScroll来实现。不过经测试，即使是在iframe中，doScroll依然有效。
三、Moontools
(function(){
var domready = function(){
if (Browser.loaded) return;
Browser.loaded = true;
window.fireEvent('domready');
document.fireEvent('domready');
};
if (Browser.Engine.trident){
var temp = document.createElement_x('div');
(function(){
($try(function(){
temp.doScroll('left');
return $(temp).inject(document.body).set('html', 'temp').dispose();
})) ? domready() : arguments.callee.delay(50);
})();
} else if (Browser.Engine.webkit && Browser.Engine.version < 525){
(function(){
(['loaded', 'complete'].contains(document.readyState)) ? domready() : arguments.callee.delay(50);
})();
} else {
window.addEvent('load', domready);
document.addEvent('DOMContentLoaded', domready);
}
})();四、Dojo
// START DOMContentLoaded
// Mozilla and Opera 9 expose the event we could use
if(document.addEventListener){
// NOTE:
// due to a threading issue in Firefox 2.0, we can't enable
// DOMContentLoaded on that platform. For more information, see:
// http://trac.dojotoolkit.org/ticket/1704
if(dojo.isOpera || dojo.isFF >= 3 || (dojo.isMoz && dojo.config.enableMozDomContentLoaded === true)){
document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", dojo._loadInit, null);
}
// mainly for Opera 8.5, won't be fired if DOMContentLoaded fired already.
// also used for Mozilla because of trac #1640
window.addEventListener("load", dojo._loadInit, null);
}
if(dojo.isAIR){
window.addEventListener("load", dojo._loadInit, null);
}else if(/(WebKit|khtml)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)){ // sniff
dojo._khtmlTimer = setInterval(function(){
if(/loaded|complete/.test(document.readyState)){
dojo._loadInit(); // call the onload handler
}
}, 10);
}
// END DOMContentLoaded
}
(function(){
var _w = window;
var _handleNodeEvent = function(evtName, fp){
// summary:
// non-destructively adds the specified function to the node's
// evtName handler.
// evtName: should be in the form "onclick" for "onclick" handlers.
// Make sure you pass in the "on" part.
var oldHandler = _w[evtName] || function(){};
_w[evtName] = function(){
fp.apply(_w, arguments);
oldHandler.apply(_w, arguments);
};
};
if(dojo.isIE){
// for Internet Explorer. readyState will not be achieved on init
// call, but dojo doesn't need it however, we'll include it
// because we don't know if there are other functions added that
// might. Note that this has changed because the build process
// strips all comments -- including conditional ones.
if(!dojo.config.afterOnLoad){
document.write('<scr'+'ipt defer="" src="//:" +="" onreadystatechange="if(this.readyState==\'complete\'){' +
dojo._scopeName + '._loadInit();}">'
+ '</scr'+'ipt>'
);
}
try{
document.namespaces.add("v","urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml");
document.createStyleSheet().addRule("v\\:*", "behavior:url(#default#VML)");
}catch(e){}
}
// FIXME: dojo.unloaded requires dojo scope, so using anon function wrapper.
_handleNodeEvent("onbeforeunload", function() { dojo.unloaded(); });
_handleNodeEvent("onunload", function() { dojo.windowUnloaded(); });
})();实现思路如下：
如果是Opera或FF3以上版本则直接注册DOMContentLoaded<事件，为保险起见，同时也注册了window.onload事件。
对于webkit则通过轮询document.readyState来实现。
如果是Air则只注册widnow.onload事件。
如果是IE则通过往页面写带defer属性的script并注册其onreadystatechange事件来实现。
Dojo在IE下的实现方案同样无法解决iframe的问题，而由于在FF2 下会有一个非常奇怪的Bug，因此默认只在FF3以上版本上使用DOMContentLoaded事件，同时又给了一个配置 -dojo.config.enableMozDomContentLoaded，如果在FF下将该配置设置为true则依然会使用 DOMContentLoaded来实现，这一点充分考虑到了灵活性。对于webkit的实现，与prototype一样有优化的空间。
五、YUI
// Internet Explorer: use the readyState of a defered script.
// This isolates what appears to be a safe moment to manipulate
// the DOM prior to when the document's readyState suggests
// it is safe to do so.
if (EU.isIE) {
// Process onAvailable/onContentReady items when the
// DOM is ready.
YAHOO.util.Event.onDOMReady(
YAHOO.util.Event._tryPreloadAttach,
YAHOO.util.Event, true);
var n = document.createElement_x('p');
EU._dri = setInterval(function() {
try {
// throws an error if doc is not ready
n.doScroll('left');
clearInterval(EU._dri);
EU._dri = null;
EU._ready();
n = null;
} catch (ex) {
}
}, EU.POLL_INTERVAL);
// The document's readyState in Safari currently will
// change to loaded/complete before images are loaded.
} else if (EU.webkit && EU.webkit < 525) {
EU._dri = setInterval(function() {
var rs=document.readyState;
if ("loaded" == rs || "complete" == rs) {
clearInterval(EU._dri);
EU._dri = null;
EU._ready();
}
}, EU.POLL_INTERVAL);
// FireFox and Opera: These browsers provide a event for this
// moment. The latest WebKit releases now support this event.
} else {
EU._simpleAdd(document, "DOMContentLoaded", EU._ready);
}
/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
EU._simpleAdd(window, "load", EU._load);
EU._simpleAdd(window, "unload", EU._unload);
EU._tryPreloadAttach();
})();实现思路与Moontools一样
六、EXT
function initDocReady(){
var COMPLETE = "complete";
docReadyEvent = new Ext.util.Event();
if (Ext.isGecko || Ext.isOpera) {
DOC.addEventListener(DOMCONTENTLOADED, fireDocReady, false);
} else if (Ext.isIE){
DOC.write("<s"+'cript id=" + IEDEFERED + " defer="defer" src="/'+'/:"></s"+'cript>");
DOC.getElementById(IEDEFERED).onreadystatechange = function(){
if(this.readyState == COMPLETE){
fireDocReady();
}
};
} else if (Ext.isWebKit){
docReadyProcId = setInterval(function(){
if(DOC.readyState == COMPLETE) {
fireDocReady();
}
}, 10);
}
// no matter what, make sure it fires on load
E.on(WINDOW, "load", fireDocReady);
};实现思路与Dojo的一致，不再赘诉。
总结
总结各大主流框架的做法，写了以下这个版本。主要是尽量的做到优化并考虑到FF2下的Bug，提供一个是否使用DOMContentLoaded的开关配置。
function onDOMContentLoaded(onready,config){
//浏览器检测相关对象，在此为节省代码未实现，实际使用时需要实现。
//var Browser = {};
//设置是否在FF下使用DOMContentLoaded（在FF2下的特定场景有Bug）
this.conf = {enableMozDOMReady:true};
if( config )
for( var p in config)
this.conf[p] = config[p];
var isReady = false;
function doReady(){
if( isReady ) return;
//确保onready只执行一次
isReady = true;
onready();
}
if( Browser.ie ){
(function(){
if ( isReady ) return;
try {
document.documentElement.doScroll("left");
} catch( error ) {
setTimeout( arguments.callee, 0 );
return;
}
doReady();
})();
window.attachEvent('onload',doReady);
}
else if (Browser.webkit && Browser.version < 525){
(function(){
if( isReady ) return;
if (/loaded|complete/.test(document.readyState))
doReady();
else
setTimeout( arguments.callee, 0 );
})();
window.addEventListener('load',doReady,false);
}
else{
if( !Browser.ff || Browser.version != 2 || this.conf.enableMozDOMReady)
document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function(){
document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", arguments.callee, false );
doReady();
}, false );
window.addEventListener('load',doReady,false);
}
}以上这篇JS DOMReady事件的六种实现方法总结就是小编分享给大家的全部内容了，希望能给大家一个参考，也希望大家多多支持PHP中文网。
更多JSDOMReady事件的六种实现方法总结相关文章请关注PHP中文网！
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