How to build a web server with Nodejs
使用Nodejs搭建Web服务器是学习Node.js比较全面的入门教程，因为要完成一个简单的Web服务器，你需要学习Nodejs中几个比较重要的模块，比如：http协议模块、文件系统、url解析模块、路径解析模块、以及301重定向问题，下面我们就简单讲一下如何来搭建一个简单的Web服务器。
作为一个Web服务器应具备以下几个功能：
1、能显示以.html/.htm结尾的Web页面
2、能直接打开以.js/.css/.json/.text结尾的文件内容
3、显示图片资源
4、自动下载以.apk/.docx/.zip结尾的文件
5、形如http://xxx.com/a/b/ , 则查找b目录下是否有index.html,如果有就显示，如果没有就列出该目录下的所有文件及文件夹，并可以进一步访问。
6、形如http://xxx.com/a/b, 则作301重定向到http://xxx.com/a/b/ , 这样可以解决内部资源引用错位的问题。
引入需要用到的几个模块：
//http协议模块
var http = require('http');
//url解析模块
var url = require('url');
//文件系统模块
var fs = require("fs");
//路径解析模块
var path = require("path");创建服务并在指定的端口监听：
//创建一个服务
var httpServer = http.createServer(this.processRequest.bind(this));
//在指定的端口监听服务
httpServer.listen(port,function(){
console.log("[HttpServer][Start]","runing at http://"+ip+":"+port+"/");
console.timeEnd("[HttpServer][Start]");
});
在创建服务的时候需要传递一个匿名函数processRequest 对请求进行处理，processRequest接收2个参数，分别是request和response, request对象中包含了请求的所有内容，request是用来设置响应头以及对客户端做出响应操作。
processRequest:function(request,response){
var hasExt = true;
var requestUrl = request.url;
var pathName = url.parse(requestUrl).pathname;
//对请求的路径进行解码，防止中文乱码
pathName = decodeURI(pathName);
//如果路径中没有扩展名
if(path.extname(pathName) === ''){
//如果不是以/结尾的，加/并作301重定向
if (pathName.charAt(pathName.length-1) != "/"){
pathName += "/";
var redirect = "http://"+request.headers.host + pathName;
response.writeHead(301, {
location:redirect
});
response.end();
}
//添加默认的访问页面,但这个页面不一定存在,后面会处理
pathName += "index.html";
hasExt = false; //标记默认页面是程序自动添加的
}
//获取资源文件的相对路径
var filePath = path.join("http/webroot",pathName);
//获取对应文件的文档类型
var contentType = this.getContentType(filePath);
//如果文件名存在
fs.exists(filePath,function(exists){
if(exists){
response.writeHead(200, {"content-type":contentType});
var stream = fs.createReadStream(filePath,{flags:"r",encoding:null});
stream.on("error", function() {
response.writeHead(500,{"content-type": "text/html"});
response.end("<h1>500 Server Error</h1>");
});
//返回文件内容
stream.pipe(response);
}else { //文件名不存在的情况
if(hasExt){
//如果这个文件不是程序自动添加的，直接返回404
response.writeHead(404, {"content-type": "text/html"});
response.end("<h1>404 Not Found</h1>");
}else {
//如果文件是程序自动添加的且不存在，则表示用户希望访问的是该目录下的文件列表
var html = "<head><meta charset='utf-8'></head>";
try{
//用户访问目录
var filedir = filePath.substring(0,filePath.lastIndexOf('\\'));
//获取用户访问路径下的文件列表
var files = fs.readdirSync(filedir);
//将访问路径下的所以文件一一列举出来，并添加超链接，以便用户进一步访问
for(var i in files){
var filename = files[i];
html += "<div><a href='"+filename+"'>"+filename+"</a></div>";
}
}catch (e){
html += "<h1>您访问的目录不存在</h1>"
}
response.writeHead(200, {"content-type": "text/html"});
response.end(html);
}
}
});
},
请求处理函数中有几个重点需要说一下：
对于路径中有中文的，浏览器会自动进行编码（英文不变，中文会变），因此在接收到地址后，需要对地址进行解码，否则最后得到的路径和真实路径不相符,
当访问路径不是以具体的文件结尾，并且不是以/结尾，则需要通过重定向加上/,表示当前目录，否则当前路径下的静态资源会找不到
如果访问路径是目录，则列出该目录下所有文件及文件夹，并可以点击访问，为了让中文目录能正常显示，则还要在header中设置charset=utf-8
核心代码就这么多，大概140行左右，完整的代码已上传到Git:https://github.com/git-onepixel/Node
如果要运行demo,打开cmd切换到根目录，运行node start即可。
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
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