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php中定时计划任务的实现原理_php技巧

May 17, 2016 am 09:07 AM
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根据php手册简单介绍一些相关的知识:

1.连接处理:

在 PHP 内部,系统维护着连接状态,其状态有三种可能的情况:

0 - NORMAL(正常)
1 - ABORTED(异常退出)
2 - TIMEOUT(超时)

当 PHP 脚本正常地运行 NORMAL 状态时,连接为有效。当远程客户端中断连接时,ABORTED 状态的标记将会被打开。远程客户端连接的中断通常是由用户点击 STOP 按钮导致的。当连接时间超过 PHP 的时限时,TIMEOUT 状态的标记将被打开。

可以决定脚本是否需要在客户端中断连接时退出。有时候让脚本完整地运行会带来很多方便,即使没有远程浏览器接受脚本的输出。默认的情况是当远程客户端连接中断时脚本将会退出。该处理过程可由 php.ini 的 ignore_user_abort 或由 Apache .conf 设置中对应的"php_value ignore_user_abort"以及 ignore_user_abort() 函数来控制。如果没有告诉 PHP 忽略用户的中断,脚本将会被中断,除非通过 register_shutdown_function() 设置了关闭触发函数。通过该关闭触发函数,当远程用户点击 STOP 按钮后,脚本再次尝试输出数据时,PHP 将会检测到连接已被中断,并调用关闭触发函数。

脚本也有可能被内置的脚本计时器中断。默认的超时限制为 30 秒。这个值可以通过设置 php.ini 的 max_execution_time 或 Apache .conf 设置中对应的"php_value max_execution_time"参数或者 set_time_limit() 函数来更改。当计数器超时的时候,脚本将会类似于以上连接中断的情况退出,先前被注册过的关闭触发函数也将在这时被执行。在该关闭触发函数中,可以通过调用 connection_status() 函数来检查超时是否导致关闭触发函数被调用。如果超时导致了关闭触发函数的调用,该函数将返回 2。

需要注意的一点是 ABORTED 和 TIMEOUT 状态可以同时有效。这在告诉 PHP 忽略用户的退出操作时是可能的。PHP 将仍然注意用户已经中断了连接但脚本仍然在运行的情况。如果到了运行的时间限制,脚本将被退出,设置过的关闭触发函数也将被执行。在这时会发现函数 connection_status() 返回 3。

2.相关函数:

int ignore_user_abort ( [bool setting] )
This function sets whether a client disconnect should cause a script to be aborted. It will return the previous setting and can be called without an argument to not change the current setting and only return the current setting.

int connection_aborted ( void )
Returns TRUE if client disconnected.

int connection_status ( void )
Returns the connection status bitfield.

为了定时更新某一文件,需要程序自动运行,从网上搜到了两种方法:ignore_user_abort() 和crontab

ignore_user_abort()函数搭配set_time_limit(0)和sleep($interval)即可实现程序自动运行更新,下面是一个实例

复制代码 代码如下:

ignore_user_abort(); //即使Client断开(如关掉浏览器),PHP脚本也可以继续执行.
set_time_limit(0); // 执行时间为无限制,php默认的执行时间是30秒,通过set_time_limit(0)可以让程序无限制的执行下去
$interval=60*5; // 每隔5分钟运行
do{
$fp = fopen('test.txt','a');
fwrite($fp,'test');
fclose($fp);
sleep($interval); // 等待5分钟
}while(true);

只要运行上面的页面,然后关掉,程序就会一直运行下去。

Linux 下有种更简单的方法,就是crontab命令

crontab命令的功能是在一定的时间间隔调度一些命令的执行。
crontab 使用方法: crontab [ -e | -l | -r ] 文件名 -e:编辑任务 -l:显示任务信息 -r:删除定时执行任务信息

crontab的格式:
* * * * * Command
分 时 日 月 星期 要运行的命令

crontab的例子:

*/5 * * * * lynx http://www.jb51.net
每5分钟访问一次 www.jb51.net

0 8 * * * lynx http://www.jb51.net
每天早上8点访问 www.jb51.net

0 10 6 * 1-5 lynx http://www.jb51.net
每个月的6号和每个礼拜的星期一到星期五的早上10点访问 www.jb51.net

0 5 7 8 * lynx http://www.jb51.net
8月7日早上5点访问 www.jb51.net

上面几个特殊的意思:
"*"代表所有的取值范围内的数字,"/"代表每的意思,"*/5"表示每5个单位,"-"代表从某个数字到某个数字,","分开几个离散的数字。
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