The whole process of creating a virtual independent Python environment under Ubuntu

Preface

Virtual environment is an independent execution environment when the program is executed. Different virtual environments can be created on the same server for use by different systems. The running environments between projects remain independent and mutually exclusive. Affected. For example, project B can run in a Python2.7-based environment, while project B can run in a Python3.x-based environment. Manage virtual environments in Python through the virtualenv tool.

In addition, it is highly recommended to install a virtual environment to manage your Python environment on win or mac. The virtual environment can bring you many benefits. For example, on Mac, the built-in Python environment is 2.7. The most suitable version for our Django development is 3.4+. In this case, you have to go to Google to uninstall or switch to the Python3.4 environment, which is still troublesome. Once we have a virtual environment, we can install different versions of the modules or packages we need in an independent environment, which will bring great convenience.

Install

Execute the following command to install in the Linux system:

$ sudo pip install virtualenv

Execute the following command to install in Ubuntu and its derivative systems:

$ sudo apt-get install python-virtualenv

Create

After successful installation, execute the following command to create a virtual environment named myvenv:

$ virtualenv myvenv

The prompts are as follows ：

allen@ubuntu:~$ virtualenv myvenv
Running virtualenv with interpreter /usr/bin/python2
New python executable in myvenv/bin/python2
Also creating executable in myvenv/bin/python
Installing setuptools, pip...done.

Activate

source kvenv/bin/activate

The specific process is as follows. You can see that we are viewing the Python version in the current environment, and it is displayed in the virtual environment. Under myvenv:

allen@ubuntu:~$ source myvenv/bin/activate
(myvenv)allen@ubuntu:~$ which python
/home/allen/myvenv/bin/python

Of course, you can exit the current virtual environment with the following command:

deactivate

Pip

After activation After the virtual environment, you can use any Pip in this environment:

pip install Pillow

Virtualenvwrapper

It is a virtual environment expansion package, used to manage virtual environments, as shown in the list All virtual environments, deleted, etc.

1. Installation:

#安装virtualenv
(sudo) pip install virtualenv
 
#安装virtualenvwrapper
(sudo) pip install virtualenvwrapper

2. Configuration:

Modify ~/.bash_profile or other environment variable related files (such as .bashrc (I This is the one under Ubuntu15.10) or use .zshrc after ZSH), add the following statement:

export WORKON_HOME=$HOME/.virtualenvs
export PROJECT_HOME=$HOME/workspace
source /usr/local/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

Then run:

source ~/.bash_profile

3. Usage:

mkvirtualenv zqxt: Create a running environment zqxt

workon zqxt: Work in the zqxt environment or switch to the zqxt environment from other environments

deactivate: Exit the terminal environment

Others:

rmvirtualenv ENV: Delete the running environment ENV

mkproject mic: Create the mic project and running environment mic

mktmpenv: Create a temporary running environment

lsvirtualenv: List available running environments

lssitepackages: List packages installed in the current environment

The environments created are independent, do not interfere with each other, and do not require sudo permissions You can use pip to manage packages.

Summary

The above is the entire content of this article. I hope the content of this article can bring some help to everyone's study or work. If you have any questions, you can leave a message to communicate.

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