python basics--list

高洛峰
Release: 2017-02-17 11:41:12
Original
1205 people have browsed it

List

List is one of the most commonly used data types. Lists can achieve the most convenient storage, modification and other operations on data

1. Define the list

fruits = ['apple','banana','orange']
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2. Access elements in the list through subscripts, and the subscripts start counting from 0

>>> fruits[0]
'apple'
>>> fruits[2]
'orange'
>>> fruits[-1]
'orange'
>>> fruits[-2]
'banana'
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3. Slicing

>>> fruits = ['apple','banana','orange','peal','grape']
>>> fruits[1:4]    #取下标1到下标4之间的数,包括1但不包括4
['banana', 'orange', 'peal']
>>> fruits[1:-1]   #取下标1至-1之间的数,不包括-1
['banana', 'orange', 'peal']
>>> fruits[0:3]    #从头开始取,不包括3
['apple', 'banana', 'orange']
>>> fruits[:3]     #和上句一样
['apple', 'banana', 'orange']
>>> fruits[3:]     #从下标3到最后,到末尾只能这样取
['peal', 'grape']
>>> fruits[0::2]   #从头开始,步长为2,即隔一个取一个
['apple', 'orange', 'grape']
>>> fruits[::2]    #和上句一iy
['apple', 'orange', 'grape']
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4. Append, append()

>>> fruits
['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape']
>>> fruits.append('newpeach')
>>> fruits
['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
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5 .Insert element, insert()

Insert a watermelon at subscript 1

['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
>>> fruits.insert(1,'watermelon')
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
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6. Modify the elements in the list

Change banana to cherry

>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'banana', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
>>> fruits[2]='cherry'
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'cherry', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
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7. Delete

pop() will return the last element after deleting it by default

>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'cherry', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
>>> del fruits[2]    #删除第二个元素
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'orange', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
>>> fruits.remove('orange')     #删除指定的元素
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'newpeach']
>>> fruits.pop()    #删除最后一个元素
'newpeach'
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape']
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8. Extend extend()

 >>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape']
>>> vegetable = ['radish','cabbage','cucumber']
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape']
>>> vegetable
['radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber']
>>> fruits.extend(vegetable)
>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber']
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9. Copy copy()

['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber']
>>> fruits2 = fruits.copy()
>>> fruits2
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber']
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10. Statistics count()

 >>> fruits.count('apple')
 1
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11. Sort sort() and flip reverse()

>>> fruits
['apple', 'watermelon', 'peal', 'grape', 'radish', 'cabbage', 'cucumber']
>>> fruits.sort()
>>> fruits
['apple', 'cabbage', 'cucumber', 'grape', 'peal', 'radish', 'watermelon']
>>> fruits.reverse()
>>> fruits
['watermelon', 'radish', 'peal', 'grape', 'cucumber', 'cabbage', 'apple']
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12. Get the subscript index ()

['watermelon', 'radish', 'peal', 'grape', 'cucumber', 'cabbage', 'apple']
>>> fruits.index('apple')
6
# 只返回找到的第一个下标
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