LESS-Middleware:Node.js 和 LESS 的完美搭配
最近我一直在研究 Node.js ,并想用 less-middleware 中间件,这样我可以很容易的在我的应用程序中使用 LESS 了。配置好以后,LESS-Middleware 能够自动处理编译你的 LESS 代码为 CSS 代码。
如果您指定一个不同的 "src" 和 "dest" 的目录,您还必须提供 "prefix" 选项,它必须匹配跟在您的目标目录中后面的目录。下面是这个例子可以更好的让你理解:
- var lessMiddleware = require("less-middleware");
-
-
-
- app.use(lessMiddleware({
-
- src: __dirname + "/less",
-
- dest: __dirname + "/public/css",
-
- prefix: "/css",
-
- force: true
-
- }));
-
- app.use(express.static(__dirname + "/public"));
在这个例子中,我把源目录配置为我的应用程序的根目录下的 "/less" 目录,并让 CSS 输出到 "/public/css 目录。此外,你还需要指定 "prefix" 属性,以匹配跟在 "/public" 后面的目录,即 "/css" 目录。
你还可以指定其它参数,上面指定了 force 参数,让每次请求的时候重新编译 LESS 文件,再结合自动刷新功能,这样在开发的时候修改样式代码都可以有即时的效果。
最后在页面上引用 CSS 文件就和正常的一样了:
这边文章发布的时候,less-middleware 已更新到到 1.0.3 版本,上面的配置是针对 0.1.x 的,下面给大家介绍如果从 0.1.x 迁移到 1.0.x。
首先,也是重要的变化——源目录参数的变化,之前是放在 options 参数里的,如下:
- lessMiddleware({
-
- src: path.join(__dirname, '/public')
-
- })
因为源目录是必备参数,所以升级之后作为中间件的第一个参数,如下:
- lessMiddleware(path.join(__dirname, '/public'))
第二个变化是中间件参数和 LESS 参数分离,这样参数结构更清晰明了,如下:
- lessMiddleware(source, [{options}], [{parserOptions}], [{compilerOptions}])
options 参数是提供给中间件使用的,而后面两个参数对象不会影响中间件,是传递给 LESS 解析和编译器的。
在这个调整之后,对应参数定义方式也要相应的调整,下面是一些对应的修改:
compress: 从 options 移除,需要在 compilerOptions 中定义;
dumpLineNumbers: 从 options 移除,需要再 parserOptions 中定义;
optimization: 从 options 移除,需要再 parserOptions 中定义;
paths: 从 options 移除,需要再 parserOptions 中定义;
preprocessor: 已经被移动到 preprocessor.less 中进行定义;
relativeUrls: 从 options 移除,需要再 parserOptions 中定义;
sourceMap: 从 options 移除,需要在 compilerOptions 中定义;
yuicompress: 从 options 移除,需要在 compilerOptions 中定义;
第三个变化是新增加了参数,同时移除了 prefix 和 treeFunctions 参数,让你可以更灵活的进行配置,如下:
postprocess.css: 在被保存之前,修改 CSS 编译输出;
preprocess.less: 在 LESS 被解析和编译前进行修改;
preprocess.path: 在被文件系统加载前,修改 LESS 路径;
有了这几个参数,我们之前使用 prefix 实现的功能可以用下面的方式达到同样的效果:
- preprocess: {
-
- path: function(pathname, req) {
-
- return pathname.replace(/^\/less\//, '/css');
-
- }
-
- }
更详细的信息,可以参考 less-middleware 官方文档。

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