Markup and document structure of HTML programming

高洛峰

Release： 2017-02-27 10:48:24

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The purpose of marking content with HTML is to give the web page semantics. In other words, you need to give your web page content some meaning that the user agent can understand.

HTML specifies a set of tags to mark content differently. Each tag is a description of what it contains. The most commonly used HTML descriptions are titles, paragraphs, links and pictures. Currently, HTML has a total of 114 tags, but according to the 80/20 principle, using about 25 of them can meet 80% of markup needs.

The latest version of HTML, HTML5, stipulates a new batch of structured tags, which are used to group tags of related content to better standardize the overall structure of the web page. These new tags include

1. Closure of tags

For each element containing content (such as title, paragraph and picture), depending on whether the content it contains is text, there are Two different ways to label them, one is using a closing tag and the other is using an unclosing tag.

1.1 Use closing tags for text

Example:

Hello, CSS!

1.2 Use self-closing tags for quoted content Tag

Example: This is my dog.

Tips:
For self-closing tags , XHTML requires that it must be written like this:

<img src="images/dog.jpg" alt="This is my dog." />

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In HTML5, you can omit the last closing slash and write:

XML/HTML CodeCopy content to clipboard

##<img src="images/dog.jpg" alt="This is my dog." >

2. Properties

Tip: Screen readers used by visually impaired users will read it aloud The content of the alt attribute, so be sure to add content to the

alt attribute of the tag that people can understand at a glance (or at a glance).

3. Titles and paragraphs4. Composite elements

HTML not only stipulates basic content tags such as titles, pictures, and paragraphs, but also stipulates the Create tags for complex user interface components such as lists,

tables, and forms. These are so-called composite elements, that is, they are composed of multiple
tags.

5. Nested tags

Simply put, it is to nest one tag inside another tag.

6.HTML5 template

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
 <head>
 <meta charset="utf-8" />
 <title>An HTML Template</title>
 </head>
 <body>
 <!-- 这里是网页内容 -->
 </body>
</html>

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7. Block-level elements and inline elements

Document flow effect: HTML elements flow from the top of the page to the bottom in the order in which they appear within the markup.

The display attribute of almost all HTML elements is either block or inline. The most obvious exception is the table element, which has its own custom display value.

Block-level elements (such as headings and paragraphs) are stacked on top of each other and arranged down the page, each element occupying its own line. Inline elements (such as links and images) will be juxtaposed with each other, and will be folded to the next line only if there is not enough space to juxtapose.

No matter which HTML element you want to know about, the first question to ask should be: Is it a block-level element, or an inline element? Once you know this, you can anticipate how an element will be positioned in its initial state when writing markup, so that you can further think about how to reposition it using CSS in the future.

There are two things to know:

The block-level element box will expand to the same width as the parent element.

Inline element boxes will shrink-wrap their contents as tightly as possible.

Markup and document structure of HTML programming

7. Nested elements

The HTML tag is nested in the mark, and the one nested on the screen is boxes.

8. Document Object Model

The Document Object Model (DOM for short) observes the elements in the page and the attributes of each element from the perspective of the browser, thereby obtaining a family tree of these elements. Through the DOM, the interrelationships between elements can be determined. By referencing a specific location in the DOM
in CSS, you can select the corresponding HTML element and modify its style attributes.

CSS The process of manipulating the DOM is to first select an element or a group of elements, and then modify the properties of these elements. After an element is modified through CSS, such as changing the width or inserting a pseudo-element in the markup, these changes will immediately occur in the DOM and be reflected on the page.

In short, it is to build the DOM through HTML tags, and then use CSS to modify the DOM when the page is first loaded and when the user interacts with the page.

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