HTML5本地存储之Web Storage篇
Web Storage是HTML5引入的一个非常重要的功能,可以在客户端本地存储数据,类似HTML4的cookie,但可实现功能要比cookie强大的多,cookie大小被限制在4KB,Web Storage官方建议为每个网站5MB。
Web Storage又分为两种:
- sessionStorage
- localStorage
从字面意思就可以很清楚的看出来,sessionStorage将数据保存在session中,浏览器关闭也就没了;而localStorage则一直将数据保存在客户端本地;
不管是sessionStorage,还是localStorage,可使用的API都相同,常用的有如下几个(以localStorage为例):
- 保存数据:localStorage.setItem(key,value);
- 读取数据:localStorage.getItem(key);
- 删除单个数据:localStorage.removeItem(key);
- 删除所有数据:localStorage.clear();
- 得到某个索引的key:localStorage.key(index);
如上,key和value都必须为字符串,换言之,web Storage的API只能操作字符串。
接下来,我们通过Web Storage开发一个简单的通讯录小程序,以演示相关API的使用方法;我们要实现如下功能:
- 录入联系人,联系人有姓名、手机号码2个字段,以手机号作为key存入localStorage;
- 根据手机号码,查找机主;
- 列出当前已保存的所有联系人信息;
首先,准备一个简单的HTML页面,如下:
- nbsp;HTML>
- html>
- head>
- meta charset="utf-8"/>
- title>HTML5本地存储之Web Storage篇title>
- head>
- body>
- div style="border: 2px dashed #ccc;width:320px;text-align:center;">
- label for="user_name">姓名:label>
- input type="text" id="user_name" name="user_name" class="text"/>
- br/>
- label for="mobilephone">手机:label>
- input type="text" id="mobilephone" name="mobilephone"/>
- br/>
- input type="button" onclick="save()" value="新增记录"/>
- hr/>
- label for="search_phone">输入手机号:label>
- input type="text" id="search_phone" name="search_phone"/>
- input type="button" onclick="find()" value="查找机主"/>
- p id="find_result">br/>p>
- div>
- br/>
- div id="list">
- div>
- body>
- html>
<meta charset="utf-8"> <title>HTML5本地存储之Web Storage篇</title> <div style="border: 2px dashed #ccc;width:320px;text-align:center;"> <label for="user_name">姓名:</label> <input type="text" id="user_name" name="user_name" class="text"> <br> <label for="mobilephone">手机:</label> <input type="text" id="mobilephone" name="mobilephone"> <br> <input type="button" onclick="save()" value="新增记录"> <hr> <label for="search_phone">输入手机号:</label> <input type="text" id="search_phone" name="search_phone"> <input type="button" onclick="find()" value="查找机主"> <p id="find_result"><br></p> </div> <br> <div id="list"> </div>
要实现联系人的保存,只需要简单实现如下JS方法即可:
- //保存数据
- function save(){
- var mobilephone = document.getElementById("mobilephone").value;
- var user_name = document.getElementById("user_name").value;
- localStorage.setItem(mobilephone,user_name);
- }
//保存数据 function save(){ var mobilephone = document.getElementById("mobilephone").value; var user_name = document.getElementById("user_name").value; localStorage.setItem(mobilephone,user_name); }
- //查找数据
- function find(){
- var search_phone = document.getElementById("search_phone").value;
- var name = localStorage.getItem(search_phone);
- var find_result = document.getElementById("find_result");
- find_result.innerHTML = search_phone + "的机主是:" + name;
- }
//查找数据 function find(){ var search_phone = document.getElementById("search_phone").value; var name = localStorage.getItem(search_phone); var find_result = document.getElementById("find_result"); find_result.innerHTML = search_phone + "的机主是:" + name; }
要展现所有已保存的联系人信息,则需要使用localStorage.key(index)方法,如下:
- //将所有存储在localStorage中的对象提取出来,并展现到界面上
- function loadAll(){
- var list = document.getElementById("list");
- if(localStorage.length>0){
- var result = "
";
";- result += "
姓名 手机号码 - for(var i=0;i
- var mobilephone = localStorage.key(i);
- var name = localStorage.getItem(mobilephone);
- result += "
"+name+" "+mobilephone+" - }
- result += "
- result += "
- list.innerHTML = result;
- }else{
- list.innerHTML = "目前数据为空,赶紧开始加入联系人吧";
- }
- }
//将所有存储在localStorage中的对象提取出来,并展现到界面上 function loadAll(){ var list = document.getElementById("list"); if(localStorage.length>0){ var result = "
姓名 | 手机号码 | "+name+" | "+mobilephone+" | "; } result += "
如下简单演示增加了公司属性的联系人保存JS代码:
- //保存数据
- function save(){
- var contact = new Object;
- contact.user_name = document.getElementById("user_name").value;
- contact.mobilephone = document.getElementById("mobilephone").value;
- contact.company = document.getElementById("company").value;
- var str = JSON.stringify(contact);
- localStorage.setItem(contact.mobilephone,str);
- loadAll();
- }
- //将所有存储在localStorage中的对象提取出来,并展现到界面上
- function loadAll(){
- var list = document.getElementById("list");
- if(localStorage.length>0){
- var result = "
";
";- result += "
姓名 手机 公司 - for(var i=0;i
- var mobilephone = localStorage.key(i);
- var str = localStorage.getItem(mobilephone);
- var contact = JSON.parse(str);
- result += "
"+contact.user_name+" "+contact.mobilephone+" "+contact.company+" - }
- result += "
- result += "
- list.innerHTML = result;
- }else{
- list.innerHTML = "目前数据为空,赶紧开始加入联系人吧";
- }
- }
//保存数据 function save(){ var contact = new Object; contact.user_name = document.getElementById("user_name").value; contact.mobilephone = document.getElementById("mobilephone").value; contact.company = document.getElementById("company").value; var str = JSON.stringify(contact); localStorage.setItem(contact.mobilephone,str); loadAll(); } //将所有存储在localStorage中的对象提取出来,并展现到界面上 function loadAll(){ var list = document.getElementById("list"); if(localStorage.length>0){ var result = "
姓名 | 手机 | 公司 | "+contact.user_name+" | "+contact.mobilephone+" | "+contact.company+" | "; } result += "

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