


Configure multiple subdomain names in Python's Flask framework
Flask子域名
一般用于数量比较少的子域名,一个模块对应一个子域名。先看下面一个例子:
modules.py:
from flask import Blueprint public = Blueprint('public', __name__) @public.route('/') def home(): return 'hello flask' app.py: app = Flask(__name__) app.config['SERVER_NAME'] = 'example.com' from modules import public app.register_blueprint(public, subdomain='public')
现在可以通过public.example.com/来访问public模块了。
通配符子域
通配符子域,即通过一个模块来匹配很多个子域名。比如某些网站提供的个性化域名功能,就是这种形式。
先来看段示例代码:
modules.py:
from flask import Blueprint member = Blueprint('member', __name__) @member.route('/') def home(): return g.subdomain app.py: app = Flask(__name__) app.config['SERVER_NAME'] = 'example.com' from modules import member app.register_blueprint(member, subdomain='<subdomain>')
这段代码和上一节的第像,不同之处是这里的subdomain使用了动态参数
下面是为任何Flask或Blueprint对象增加子域名支持的便捷函数:
def add_subdomain_to_global(endpoint, values): g.subdomain = values.pop('subdomain', None) def add_subdomain_to_url_params(endpoint, values): if not 'subdomain' in values: values['subdomain'] = g.subdomain def add_subdomain_support(app): app.url_value_preprocessor(add_subdomain_to_global) app.url_defaults(add_subdomain_to_url_params)
然后你可以使用before_request回调函数来处理子域名:
add_subdomain_support(blueprint) @blueprint.before_request def add_user_to_global(): g.user = None if g.subdomain: g.user = User.query.filter_by(username=g.subdomain).first_or_404()
注:这里的blueprint请改为实际对象。
特别说明:通配符子域调试不是不太方便,需要做泛域名解析才可以。修改hosts文件来指定域名的方法是不可行的(子域名较少时可以逐个添加,子域名多了就不太现实了)。本机调试时,可以安装DNS服务器(比如LINUX BIND服务等),并做好泛域名解析,然后再进行调试。当然使用公网域名和服务器来调试也未尝不可。
PS:
1.如果某个blueprint默认就需要实用a.domain.com,那么在定义blueprint时候:
a=Blueprint(‘a' ,__name__,subdomain='a')
这样,该bp下面的所有url routing走的都是a.domain.com/xxx
2.在某个具体的url routing定义时,如果需要实用a.domain.com,那么这么写:
@www.route(‘/hello',methods=['GET','POST'],subdomain='a') def xxx(): …..
3.我在具体实践中,默认的routing都是走的www,这是在__init__.py中:
app.url_map.default_subdomain='www'
其实就是设置默认子域名,这样默认不做设置的话,路由走的就是www。
那这个时候如果访问domain.com,即不带www的话,就会报404了,怎么办呢,我是在nginx层面解决这个问题的,在nginx.conf增加一个server:
server { server_name domain.com; rewrite ^(.*) http://www.domain.com$1 permanent; }
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