meta attribute occupies a very important position in HTML. For example: SEO for search engines, character encoding of documents, setting refresh cache, etc. Although some web pages may not use meta, as regular soldiers, we still need to understand some properties of meta and be able to use them skillfully.
1. Declare the character encoding used in the document
<meta charset='utf-8'>
2. Declare the compatibility mode of the document
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> 指示IE以目前可用的最高模式显示内容 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Emulate IE7" /> 指示IE使用 <!DOCTYPE> 指令确定如何呈现内容。标准模式指令以IE7 标准模式显示,而 Quirks 模式指令以 IE5 模式显示。
3. SEO Optimization
<meta name="description" content="不超过150个字符" />页面描述 <meta name="keywords" content="html5, css3, 关键字"/>页面关键词 <meta name="author" content="魔法小栈" />定义网页作者 <meta name="robots" content="index,follow" /> 定义网页搜索引擎索引方式,robotterms是一组使用英文逗号「,」分割的值,通常有如下几种取值:none,noindex,nofollow,all,index和follow。
4. Add viewport for mobile devices
<meta name ="viewport" content ="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> content 参数解释: width viewport 宽度(数值/device-width) height viewport 高度(数值/device-height) initial-scale 初始缩放比例 maximum-scale 最大缩放比例 minimum-scale 最小缩放比例 user-scalable 是否允许用户缩放(yes/no) minimal-ui iOS 7.1 beta 2 中新增属性,可以在页面加载时最小化上下状态栏。 这是一个布尔值,可以直接这样写:<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimal-ui">
5. iOS devices
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="标题">添加到主屏后的标题(iOS 6 新增) <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />是否启用 WebApp 全屏模式 <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent" />设置状态栏的背景颜色 只有在 "apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" 时生效 content 参数: default 默认值。 black 状态栏背景是黑色。 black-translucent 状态栏背景是黑色半透明。 设置为 default 或 black ,网页内容从状态栏底部开始。 设置为 black-translucent ,网页内容充满整个屏幕,顶部会被状态栏遮挡。
6. iOS icon rel parameter
apple-touch-icon 图片自动处理成圆角和高光等效果。 apple-touch-icon-precomposed 禁止系统自动添加效果,直接显示设计原图。 <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/apple-touch-icon-57x57-precomposed.png" />iPhone 和 iTouch,默认 57x57 像素,必须有 <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="/apple-touch-icon-72x72-precomposed.png" />iPad,72x72 像素,可以没有,但推荐有 <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="/apple-touch-icon-114x114-precomposed.png" /> Retina iPhone 和 Retina iTouch,114x114 像素,可以没有,但推荐有 <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="/apple-touch-icon-144x144-precomposed.png" /> Retina iPad,144x144 像素,可以没有,推荐大家使用 <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="标题"> title最好限制在六个中文长度内,超长的内容会被隐藏,添加到主屏后的标题(iOS 6 新增)
7. iOS startup screen
iPad 的启动画面是不包括状态栏区域的。 iPad 竖屏 768 x 1004(标准分辨率) <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" sizes="768x1004" href="/splash-screen-768x1004.png" />iPad 竖屏 1536x2008(Retina) <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" sizes="1536x2008" href="/splash-screen-1536x2008.png" />iPad 横屏 1024x748(标准分辨率) <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" sizes="1024x748" href="/Default-Portrait-1024x748.png" />iPad 横屏 2048x1496(Retina) <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" sizes="2048x1496" href="/splash-screen-2048x1496.png" />iPhone 和 iPod touch 的启动画面是包含状态栏区域的。 iPhone/iPod Touch 竖屏 320x480 (标准分辨率)<link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="/splash-screen-320x480.png" />iPhone/iPod Touch 竖屏 640x960 (Retina) <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" sizes="640x960" href="/splash-screen-640x960.png" />iPhone 5/iPod Touch 5 竖屏 640x1136 (Retina) <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" sizes="640x1136" href="/splash-screen-640x1136.png" /> <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="Startup.png" /> 当用户点击主屏图标打开 WebApp 时,系统会展示启动画面,在未设置情况下系统会默认显示该网站的首页截图,当然这个体验不是很好
8. Windows 8
<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#000"/> Windows 8 磁贴颜色 <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="icon.png"/>Windows 8 磁贴图标
9. Uncommonly used
<link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS" href="/rss.xml" />添加 RSS 订阅 <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="/favicon.ico" />添加 favicon icon <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" />禁止数字识自动别为电话号码 <meta name="format-detection" content="email=no" />不让android识别邮箱 <meta name="renderer" content="webkit">启用360浏览器的极速模式(webkit) <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">避免IE使用兼容模式 <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true">针对手持设备优化,主要是针对一些老的不识别viewport的浏览器,比如黑莓 <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320">微软的老式浏览器 <meta name="x5-orientation" content="portrait">QQ强制竖屏 <meta name="full-screen" content="yes">UC强制全屏 <meta name="x5-fullscreen" content="true">QQ强制全屏 <meta name="browsermode" content="application">UC应用模式 <meta name="x5-page-mode" content="app">QQ应用模式 <meta http-equiv="Cache-Control" content="no-siteapp" />禁止百度转码 <meta name="msapplication-tap-highlight" content="no">windows phone 点击无高光 <meta name="keywords" content="" /> 关键字 <meta name="description" content="" /> 描述 <meta name="title" content="" /> 标题 <meta name="author" content="-06" /> 作者 <meta name="Copyright" content="" /> 公司 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> 让IE浏览器用最高级内核渲染页面 还有用 Chrome 框架的页面用webkit 内核 <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> IOS6全屏 <meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> Chrome高版本全屏 <meta name="renderer" content="webkit"> 让360双核浏览器用webkit内核渲染页面 <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=myAppStoreID, affiliate-data=myAffiliateData, app-argument=myURL"> 添加智能 App 广告条 Smart App Banner(iOS 6+ Safari)
10. SNS social tag
Refer to Weibo API
<meta property="og:type" content="类型" /> <meta property="og:url" content="URL地址" /> <meta property="og:title" content="标题" /> <meta property="og:image" content="图片" /> <meta property="og:description" content="描述" />
11. Conditional comments to determine IE browser
<!--[if IE]>条件注释区分非IE浏览器 <!--[if lt IE 7 ]><html class="oldie ie ie6"> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 7 ]><html class="oldie ie ie7"> <![endif]--> <!--[if IE 8 ]><html class="ie ie8"> <![endif]--> <!--[if (gte IE 9)|!(IE)]><!--><html> <!--<![endif]--> <!--[if lt IE 9]> <![endif]-->
12. If there are many http requests on the page, it will automatically be converted to https
<meta http-equiv="Content-Security-Policy" content="upgrade-insecure-requests" />
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