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xml syntax detailed description

Mar 12, 2017 pm 03:57 PM

这篇文章讲述xml语法详细说明

一、文档规则 

1.区分大小写。 

2.属性值必须加引号(单引号、双引号都可以),一般情况下建议使用使用双引号。 

3.所有标记必须有结束符号。 

4.所有空标记必须关闭。 

5.必须有且仅有一根元素。 

6.解析空白字符时,会按照实际内容输出,不会缩略。 

7.特殊字符处理: 
字符 替换字符 
<  <
>  > 
&  & 
 "  &quto; 
'   ' 

8.标记名称约定: 
a.可以包含字母、数字、其他字符。 
b.不能以数字和下划线开头。 
c.不能以xml或者Xml之类的字符开头。 
d.不能包含空格 


二、xml声明 

xml声明标准语句: 
强调: 
1.“2.”?>"之前可以有空格,也可以没有。 
3.enconding和standalone是可选属性,encoding默认值是"UTF-8",standalone默认值是"no"。 
4.常见的编码方式有: 
简体中文:GB2312 
繁体中文 :BIG5 
西欧字符:UTF-8,UTF-16 
5.standalone表示文档是否附带DTD文件。 

三、xml属性 

因为数据既可以存储在子元素中也可以存储在属性中,那么何时用属性,何时用子元素,没有固定规则,但是建议:元数据应该以属性的方式存储,而数据本身应该以元素的形式存储。 
使用属性会引发以下问题: 
1.属性不能包含多个值(子元素可以)。 
2.属性不容易扩展。 
3.属性不能描述结构(子元素可以)。 
4.属性很难通过DTD进行测试。 

四、命名空间 

声明命名空间俩种方式: 
1.默认声明,所有元素不需要指定前缀,如: 
 
string"/> 
…… 
 
2.明确声明,xmlns关键字与一个命名空间的URI的前缀相关联,所有元素都需要指定前缀,如: 
 
 
     …… 
 
强调:用来表示命名空间的URI并不被XML解析器调用,实际上并不去访问这个URI,它只是表示一个标识名字而已。 

五、XML专用标记:CDATA 

CDATA的全称是Character DATA,即字符数据,它主要用来显示特殊字符,比如"<"。
CDATA的语法格式为:
如: 
 
 
by a&b! 

    ]]> 
 
强调:CDATA不能嵌套;要显示的字符中不能包含"]]>"。

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