Very detailed front-end JavaScript specification
JavaScriptSpecification
Directory
Type
- Conditions
Expressionand equal sign
- Block
- Blank
- Comma
- Semicolon
- Naming convention
- Accessor
- Constructor
- Module
- ES5 Compatibility
- HTML, CSS, JavaScript separation
- Use jsHint
- Front-end tools
Original value : Equivalent to passing by value (JavaScript objects all provide literals), using literals to create objects.
string<a href="http://www.php.cn/wiki/57.html" target="_blank"></a>
- ##number
- boolean
-
null
<a href="http://www.php.cn/wiki/62.html" target="_blank"></a>
- undefined
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: Equivalent to passing by reference
object
<a href="http://www.php.cn/wiki/60.html" target="_blank"></a>
- ##array
<a href="http://www.php.cn/wiki/58.html" target="_blank"></a>
function - Object
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var
foo = [1, 2],
bar = foo;
bar[0] = 9;
console.log(foo[0], bar[0]);
// => 9, 9
Copy after login
- Do not use reserved words as keys
- Array
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- If you don’t know the length of the array, use push
- When you need to copy the array, use slice. jsPerf
- Use slice to convert array-like objects into arrays.
- String
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- ''
- (Because most of the time our strings. Especially html will appear
"
)
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// bad
var
name =
"Bob Parr"
;
// good
var
name = 'Bob Parr';
// bad
var
fullName =
"Bob "
+ this.lastName;
// good
var
fullName = 'Bob ' + this.lastName;
Copy after loginexceeds 80 (there is also a provision of 140, the project can be customized) Strings of characters should use
String concatenation - Line wrapping Note: Long string concatenation may have a performance impact if overused. jsPerf & Discussion
- Use join instead of string concatenation to build strings when programming, especially IE: jsPerf.
- Function
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- Function expression
- :Never declare a function in a non-function block and assign that function to a variable. Browsers allow you to do this, but they parse it differently. A function declaration is not a statement. Read ECMA-262's explanation of this issue.
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// 匿名函数表达式
var
anonymous =
function
() {
return
true;
};
// 有名函数表达式
var
named =
function
named() {
return
true;
};
// 立即调用函数表达式
(
function
() {
console.log('Welcome to the Internet. Please follow me.');
})();
Copy after login - Never name arguments as arguments
- , this will overstep
arguments objects passed in the function scope
.
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// bad
function
nope(name, options, arguments) {
// ...stuff...
}
// good
function
yup(name, options, args) {
// ...stuff...
}
Copy after login - Attributes
takes precedence).When using variables and special When the illegal variable name
is used, square brackets can be used when accessing the attribute (
.
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Always use var
.to declare variables. Failure to do so will result in the creation of global variables. We must avoid polluting the global
namespace使用一个
var
以及新行声明多个变量,缩进4个空格。1
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// bad
var
items = getItems();
var
goSportsTeam = true;
var
dragonball = 'z';
// good
var
items = getItems(),
goSportsTeam = true,
dragonball = 'z';
Copy after login最后再声明未赋值的变量,当你想引用之前已赋值变量的时候很有用。
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// bad
var
i, len, dragonball,
items = getItems(),
goSportsTeam = true;
// bad
var
i, items = getItems(),
dragonball,
goSportsTeam = true,
len;
// good
var
items = getItems(),
goSportsTeam = true,
dragonball,
length,
i;
Copy after login在作用域顶部声明变量,避免变量声明和赋值引起的相关问题。
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// bad
function
() {
test();
console.log('doing stuff..');
//..other stuff..
var
name = getName();
if
(name === 'test') {
return
false;
}
return
name;
}
// good
function
() {
var
name = getName();
test();
console.log('doing stuff..');
//..other stuff..
if
(name === 'test') {
return
false;
}
return
name;
}
// bad
function
() {
var
name = getName();
if
(!arguments.length) {
return
false;
}
return
true;
}
// good
function
() {
if
(!arguments.length) {
return
false;
}
var
name = getName();
return
true;
}
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条件表达式和等号
合理使用
===
和!==
以及==
和!=
.合理使用表达式逻辑操作运算.
条件表达式的强制类型转换遵循以下规则:
对象 被计算为 true
Undefined 被计算为 false
Null 被计算为 false
布尔值 被计算为 布尔的值
数字 如果是 +0, -0, or NaN 被计算为 false , 否则为 true
字符串 如果是空字符串
''
则被计算为 false, 否则为 true1
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if
([0]) {
// true
// An array is an object, objects evaluate to true
}
Copy after login使用快捷方式.
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// bad
if
(name !== '') {
// ...stuff...
}
// good
if
(name) {
// ...stuff...
}
// bad
if
(collection.length > 0) {
// ...stuff...
}
// good
if
(collection.length) {
// ...stuff...
}
Copy after login阅读 Truth Equality and JavaScript 了解更多
块
给所有多行的块使用大括号
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// bad
if
(test)
return
false;
// good
if
(test)
return
false;
// good
if
(test) {
return
false;
}
// bad
function
() {
return
false; }
// good
function
() {
return
false;
}
Copy after login
注释
使用
/** ... */
进行多行注释,包括描述,指定类型以及参数值和返回值1
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// bad
// make() returns a new element
// based on the passed in tag name
//
// @param <String> tag
// @return <Element> element
function
make(tag) {
// ...stuff...
return
element;
}
// good
/**
* make() returns a new element
* based on the passed in tag name
*
* @param <String> tag
* @return <Element> element
*/
function
make(tag) {
// ...stuff...
return
element;
}
Copy after login使用
//
进行单行注释,在评论对象的上面进行单行注释,注释前放一个空行.1
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// bad
var
active = true;
// is current tab
// good
// is current tab
var
active = true;
// bad
function
getType
() {
console.log('fetching type...');
// set the default type to 'no type'
var
type = this._type || 'no type';
return
type;
}
// good
function
getType
() {
console.log('fetching type...');
// set the default type to 'no type'
var
type = this._type || 'no type';
return
type;
}
Copy after login如果你有一个问题需要重新来看一下或如果你建议一个需要被实现的解决方法的话需要在你的注释前面加上
FIXME
或TODO
帮助其他人迅速理解1
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function
Calculator() {
// FIXME: shouldn't use a global here
total = 0;
return
this;
}
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function
Calculator() {
// TODO: total should be configurable by an options param
this.total = 0;
return
this;
}
Copy after login满足规范的文档,在需要文档的时候,可以尝试jsdoc.
空白
缩进、格式化能帮助团队更快得定位修复代码BUG.
将tab设为4个空格
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// bad
function
() {
∙∙
var
name;
}
// bad
function
() {
∙
var
name;
}
// good
function
() {
∙∙∙∙
var
name;
}
Copy after login大括号前放一个空格
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// bad
function
test(){
console.log('test');
}
// good
function
test() {
console.log('test');
}
// bad
dog.set('attr',{
age: '1 year',
breed: 'Bernese Mountain Dog'
});
// good
dog.set('attr', {
age: '1 year',
breed: 'Bernese Mountain Dog'
});
Copy after login在做长方法链时使用缩进.
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// bad
$('#items').find('.selected').highlight().
end
().find('.open').updateCount();
// good
$('#items')
.find('.selected')
.highlight()
.
end
()
.find('.open')
.updateCount();
// bad
var
leds = stage.selectAll('.led').data(data).enter().append('svg:svg').
class
('led', true)
.attr('width', (radius + margin) * 2).append('svg:g')
.attr('transform', 'translate(' + (radius + margin) + ',' + (radius + margin) + ')')
.call(tron.led);
// good
var
leds = stage.selectAll('.led')
.data(data)
.enter().append('svg:svg')
.
class
('led', true)
.attr('width', (radius + margin) * 2)
.append('svg:g')
.attr('transform', 'translate(' + (radius + margin) + ',' + (radius + margin) + ')')
.call(tron.led);
Copy after login
逗号
不要将逗号放前面
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// bad
var
once
, upon
, aTime;
// good
var
once,
upon,
aTime;
// bad
var
hero = {
firstName: 'Bob'
, lastName: 'Parr'
, heroName: 'Mr. Incredible'
, superPower: 'strength'
};
// good
var
hero = {
firstName: 'Bob',
lastName: 'Parr',
heroName: 'Mr. Incredible',
superPower: 'strength'
};
Copy after login不要加多余的逗号,这可能会在IE下引起错误,同时如果多一个逗号某些ES3的实现会计算多数组的长度。
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// bad
var
hero = {
firstName: 'Kevin',
lastName: 'Flynn',
};
var
heroes = [
'Batman',
'Superman',
];
// good
var
hero = {
firstName: 'Kevin',
lastName: 'Flynn'
};
var
heroes = [
'Batman',
'Superman'
];
Copy after login
分号
语句结束一定要加分号
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// bad
(
function
() {
var
name = 'Skywalker'
return
name
})()
// good
(
function
() {
var
name = 'Skywalker';
return
name;
})();
// good
;(
function
() {
var
name = 'Skywalker';
return
name;
})();
Copy after login
类型转换
在语句的开始执行类型转换.
字符串:
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// => this.reviewScore = 9;
// bad
var
totalScore = this.reviewScore + '';
// good
var
totalScore = '' + this.reviewScore;
// bad
var
totalScore = '' + this.reviewScore + ' total score';
// good
var
totalScore = this.reviewScore + ' total score';
Copy after login对数字使用
parseInt
并且总是带上类型转换的基数.,如parseInt(value, 10)
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var
inputValue = '4';
// bad
var
val =
new
Number(inputValue);
// bad
var
val = +inputValue;
// bad
var
val = inputValue >> 0;
// bad
var
val = parseInt(inputValue);
// good
var
val = Number(inputValue);
// good
var
val = parseInt(inputValue, 10);
// good
/**
* parseInt was the reason my code was slow.
* Bitshifting the String to coerce it to a
* Number made it a lot faster.
*/
var
val = inputValue >> 0;
Copy after login布尔值:
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var
age = 0;
// bad
var
hasAge =
new
Boolean(age);
// good
var
hasAge = Boolean(age);
// good
var
hasAge = !!age;
Copy after login
命名约定
避免单个字符名,让你的变量名有描述意义。
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// bad
function
q() {
// ...stuff...
}
// good
function
query() {
// ..stuff..
}
Copy after login当命名对象、函数和实例时使用驼峰命名规则
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// bad
var
OBJEcttsssss = {};
var
this_is_my_object = {};
var
this-is-my-object = {};
function
c() {};
var
u =
new
user({
name: 'Bob Parr'
});
// good
var
thisIsMyObject = {};
function
thisIsMyFunction() {};
var
user =
new
User({
name: 'Bob Parr'
});
Copy after login当命名构造函数或类时使用驼峰式大写
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// bad
function
user(options) {
this.name = options.name;
}
var
bad =
new
user({
name: 'nope'
});
// good
function
User(options) {
this.name = options.name;
}
var
good =
new
User({
name: 'yup'
});
Copy after login命名私有属性时前面加个下划线
_
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// bad
this.firstName = 'Panda';
this.firstName_ = 'Panda';
// good
this._firstName = 'Panda';
Copy after login当保存对
this
的引用时使用self(<a href="http://www.php.cn/wiki/1514.html" target="_blank">python</a> 风格)
,避免this issue
.Angular建议使用vm(MVVM模式中view-model)
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// good
function
() {
var
self = this;
return
function
() {
console.log(self);
};
}
Copy after login
存取器
属性的存取器函数不是必需的
如果你确实有存取器函数的话使用getVal() 和 setVal(‘hello’),
java getter、setter风格
或者jQuery风格
如果属性是布尔值,使用isVal() 或 hasVal()
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// bad
if
(!dragon.age()) {
return
false;
}
// good
if
(!dragon.hasAge()) {
return
false;
}
Copy after login可以创建get()和set()函数,但是要保持一致
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function
Jedi(options) {
options || (options = {});
var
lightsaber = options.lightsaber || 'blue';
this.set('lightsaber', lightsaber);
}
Jedi.prototype.set =
function
(key, val) {
this[key] = val;
};
Jedi.prototype.get =
function
(key) {
return
this[key];
};
Copy after login
构造器
给对象原型分配方法,而不是用一个新的对象覆盖原型,覆盖原型会使继承出现问题。
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function
Jedi() {
console.log('
new
jedi');
}
// bad
Jedi.prototype = {
fight:
function
fight() {
console.log('fighting');
},
block:
function
block() {
console.log('blocking');
}
};
// good
Jedi.prototype.fight =
function
fight() {
console.log('fighting');
};
Jedi.prototype.block =
function
block() {
console.log('blocking');
};
Copy after login方法可以返回
this
帮助方法可链。1
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// bad
Jedi.prototype.jump =
function
() {
this.jumping = true;
return
true;
};
Jedi.prototype.setHeight =
function
(height) {
this.height = height;
};
var
luke =
new
Jedi();
luke.jump();
// => true
luke.setHeight(20)
// => undefined
// good
Jedi.prototype.jump =
function
() {
this.jumping = true;
return
this;
};
Jedi.prototype.setHeight =
function
(height) {
this.height = height;
return
this;
};
var
luke =
new
Jedi();
luke.jump()
.setHeight(20);
Copy after login可以写一个自定义的toString()方法,但是确保它工作正常并且不会有副作用。
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function
Jedi(options) {
options || (options = {});
this.name = options.name || 'no name';
}
Jedi.prototype.getName =
function
getName() {
return
this.name;
};
Jedi.prototype.toString =
function
toString() {
return
'Jedi - ' + this.getName();
};
Copy after login
事件
当给事件附加数据时,传入一个哈希而不是原始值,这可以让后面的贡献者加入更多数据到事件数据里而不用找出并更新那个事件的事件处理器
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// bad
$(this).trigger('listingUpdated', listing.id);
...
$(this).on('listingUpdated',
function
(e, listingId) {
// do something with listingId
});
Copy after login更好:
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// good
$(this).trigger('listingUpdated', { listingId : listing.id });
...
$(this).on('listingUpdated',
function
(e, data) {
// do something with data.listingId
});
Copy after login
模块
这个文件应该以驼峰命名,并在同名文件夹下,同时导出的时候名字一致
对于公开API库可以考虑加入一个名为noConflict()的方法来设置导出的模块为之前的版本并返回它
总是在模块顶部声明
'use strict';
,引入[JSHint规范](http://www.php.cn/)
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// fancyInput/fancyInput.js
(
function
(
global
) {
'
use
strict';
var
previousFancyInput =
global
.FancyInput;
function
FancyInput(options) {
this.options = options || {};
}
FancyInput.noConflict =
function
noConflict() {
global
.FancyInput = previousFancyInput;
return
FancyInput;
};
global
.FancyInput = FancyInput;
})(this);
Copy after login
jQuery
对于jQuery对象以
$
开头,以和原生DOM节点区分。1
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// bad
var
menu = $(
".menu"
);
// good
var
$menu
= $(
".menu"
);
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// bad
function
setSidebar() {
$('.sidebar').hide();
// ...stuff...
$('.sidebar').css({
'background-color': 'pink'
});
}
// good
function
setSidebar() {
var
$sidebar
= $('.sidebar');
$sidebar
.hide();
// ...stuff...
$sidebar
.css({
'background-color': 'pink'
});
}
Copy after login对DOM查询使用级联的
$('.sidebar ul')
或$('.sidebar ul')
,jsPerf对有作用域的jQuery对象查询使用
find
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// bad
$('.sidebar', 'ul').hide();
// bad
$('.sidebar').find('ul').hide();
// good
$('.sidebar ul').hide();
// good
$('.sidebar > ul').hide();
// good (slower)
$sidebar
.find('ul');
// good (faster)
$(
$sidebar
[0]).find('ul');
Copy after login每个页面只使用一次document的ready事件,这样便于调试与行为流跟踪。
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$(
function
(){
//do your page init.
});
Copy after login事件利用
jQuery.on
从页面分离到JavaScript文件。1
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// bad
<a id=
"myLink"
href=
"#"
onclick=
"myEventHandler();"
></a>
// good
<a id=
"myLink"
href=
"#"
></a>
$(
"#myLink"
).on(
"click"
, myEventHandler);
Copy after login对于Ajax使用promise方式。
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// bad
$.ajax({
...
success :
function
(){
},
error :
function
(){
}
})
// good
$.ajax({.
..
}).then(
function
( ){
// success
},
function
( ){
// error
})
Copy after login利用promise的deferred对象解决延迟注册问题。
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var
dtd = $.Deferred();
// 新建一个deferred对象
var
wait =
function
(dtd){
var
tasks =
function
(){
alert(
"执行完毕!"
);
dtd.resolve();
// 改变deferred对象的执行状态
};
setTimeout(tasks,5000);
return
dtd;
};
Copy after loginHTML中Style、以及JavaScript中style移到CSS中class,在HTML、JavaScript中引入class,而不是直接style。
ECMAScript 5兼容性
尽量采用ES5方法,特别数组map、filter、forEach方法简化日常开发。在老式IE浏览器中引入ES5-shim。或者也可以考虑引入underscore、lodash 常用辅助库.
- 参考Kangax的 ES5 compatibility table
HTML、CSS、JavaScript分离
页面DOM结构使用HTML,样式则采用CSS,动态DOM操作JavaScript。不要混用在HTML中
分离在不同类型文件,文件link。
HTML、CSS、JavaScript变量名都需要有业务价值。CSS以中划线分割的全小写命名,JavaScript则首字母小写的驼峰命名。
CSS可引入Bootstrap、Foundation等出名响应式设计框架。以及SASS、LESS工具书写CSS。
对于CSS、JavaScript建议合并为单文件,减少Ajax的连接数。也可以引入AMD(Require.js)加载方式。
对于内部大部分企业管理系统,可以尝试采用前端 MVC框架组织代码。如Angular、React + Flux架构、Knockout等。
对于兼容性可用Modernizr规范库辅助。
使用jsHint
前端项目中推荐引入jshint插件来规范项目编码规范。以及一套完善的IDE配置。
注意:jshint需要引入nodejs 工具grunt或gulp插件,建议企业级nodejs npm私服。
前端工具
前端第三方JavaScript包管理工具bower(
bower install jQuery
),bower可以实现第三方库的依赖解析、下载、升级管理等。建议建立企业级bower私服。前端构建工具,可以采用grunt或者gulp工具,可以实现html、css、js压缩、验证、测试,文件合并、watch和liveload等所有前端任务。建议企业级nodejs npm私服。
前端开发IDE: WebStorm( Idea )、Sublime为最佳 。项目组统一IDE。IDE统一配置很重要。
The above is the detailed content of Very detailed front-end JavaScript specification. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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