Detailed introduction to Html layout using CSS

Single column layout horizontally centered

Horizontally centeredPage layout中The most common form of layout, which mostly appears in titles and the organization of content areas. Here are four ways to achieve horizontal centering (Note: What is implemented in each example below is the alignment operation of the child element. The parent container of the child element Is the parent element)

Use inline-block and text-align to achieve

.parent{text-align: center;}
.child{display: inline-block;}

Advantages: good compatibility;
Disadvantages: need to set the child element and parent at the same time Element

Use margin:0 auto to implement

.child{width:200px;margin:0 auto;}

Advantages: Good compatibility
Disadvantages: Need to specify the width

Use table to implement

.child{display:table;margin:0 auto;}

Advantages: You only need to set yourself
Disadvantages: IE6 and 7 need to adjust the structure

Use Absolute positioningAchievement

.parent{position:relative;}
/*或者实用margin-left的负值为盒子宽度的一半也可以实现，不过这样就必须知道盒子的宽度，但兼容性好*/
.child{position:absolute;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%);}

Disadvantages: Poor compatibility, available for IE9 and above

Practical flex layout implementation

/*第一种方法*/.parent{display:flex;justify-content:center;}
/*第二种方法*/.parent{display:flex;}.child{margin:0 auto;}

Disadvantages: Poor compatibility, if a large area layout is performed, efficiency may be affected

Vertical centering

vertical-align

We all know that everyone has different hobbies. Some people like to eat sweets, some like to eat spicy things, and some like to eat spicy food. Some people don't like to eat celery, some people don't like to eat mutton, etc. The same is true for some elements in CSS, some of them are only interested in milk, some only like to eat nuts and jelly, and hate milk. Align is a rather picky eater. He only likes to eat jelly. He has grown up eating jelly. Without jelly, he will lose his temper and ignore you. I call it a "jelly-dependent element". It is called "inline-block dependent element", that is to say, only one element belongs to inline or inline-block (table-cell can also be understood as inline-block level) level, and its vertical-align Attribute will work. Some of my understanding and understanding of css-vertical-align

When using vertical-align, the alignment baseline is marked by the line height baseline. , so you need to set line-height or set display:table-cell;

/*第一种方法*/.parent{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;height:20px;}
/*第二种方法*/.parent{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;line-height:20px;}

Practical absolute positioning

.parent{position:relative;}.child{positon:absolute;top:50%;transform:translate(0,-50%);}

Practical flex implementation

.parent{display:flex;align-items:center;}

Horizontal and vertical All centered

Use vertical-align, text-align, inline-block to achieve

.parent{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;}
.child{display:inline-block;}

Use absolute positioning to achieve

.parent{position:relative;}
.child{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;transform:translate(-50%,-50%);}

Use flex to achieve

.parent{display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:center;}

More Column layout: The left column has a fixed width, and the right column is adaptive

This layout method is very common. The side that is suitable for fixed width is usually navigation, and the adaptive side is the layout of content

Use float+margin to achieve

.left{float:left;width:100px;}
.right{margin-left;margin-left:100px;}

Note: IE6 will have a 3px bug

Use float+margin(fix) Implement

<p>
    </p><p></p>
    <p>
        </p><p></p>
    

.left{width:100px;float:left;}
.right-fix{width:100%;margin-left:-100px;float:right;}
.right{margin-left:100px;}

Use float+overflow to implement

.left{width:100px;float:left;}
.right{overflow:hidden;}

overflow:hidden, trigger bfc mode, float cannot Influence, isolate other elements, IE6 does not support it, set margin-left on the left side as the margin between left and right, use overflow:hidden on the right side to form bfc mode
If we need to set the two columns to be equal High, you can use the following method to set the "background" to be of equal height. In fact, it is not the equal height of the content.

.left{width:100px;float:left;}.right{overflow:hidden;}
.parent{overflow:hidden;}
.left,.right{padding-bottom:9999px;margin-bottom:-9999px;}

Use table implementation

.parent{display:table;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;}
.left{width:100px;}
.right,.left{display:table-cell;}

Practical flex implementation

.parent{display:flex;}
.left{width:100px;}.right{flex:1;}

Using flex:1 of the container on the right, the remaining width is evenly divided and the same effect is achieved. The default value of align-items is stretch, so the heights of the two are equal

右列定宽，左列自适应

实用float+margin实现

.parent{background:red;height:100px;margin:0 auto;}
.left{background:green;margin-right:-100px;width:100%;float:left;}
.right{float:right;width:100px;background:blue;}

使用table实现

.parent{display:table;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;}
.left{display:table-cell;}
.right{width:100px;display:table-cell;}

实用flex实现

.parent{display:flex;}
.left{flex:1;}
.right{width:100px;}

两列定宽，一列自适应

基本html结构为父容器为parent,自容器为left,center,right.其中，left,center定宽，right自适应

利用float+margin实现

.left,.center{float:left:width:200px;}
.right{margin-left:400px;}

利用float+overflow实现

.left,.center{float:left:width:200px;}
.right{overflow:hidden;}

利用table实现

.parent{display:table;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;}
.left,.center,.right{display:table-cell;}
.left,.center{width:200px;}

利用flex实现

.parent{display:flex;}
.left,.center{width:100px;}
.right{flex:1}

两侧定宽，中栏自适应

利用float+margin实现

.left{width：100px;float:left;}
.center{float:left;width:100%;margin-right:-200px;}
.right{width:100px;float:right;}

利用table实现

.parent{width:100%;display:table;table-layout:fixed}
.left,.center,.right{display:table-cell;}
.left{width:100px;}.right{width:100px;}

利用flex实现

.parent{display:flex;}
.left{width:100px;}
.center{flex:1;}
.right{width:100px;}

一列不定宽，一列自适应

利用float+overflow实现

.left{float:left;}
.right{overflow:hidden;}

利用table实现

.parent{display:table;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;}
.left{width:0.1%;}
.left,.right{display:table-cell;}

利用flex实现

.parent{display:flex;}
.right{flex:1;}

多列等分布局

多列等分布局常出现在内容中，多数为功能的，同阶级内容的并排显示等。

html结构如下所示

<p>
    </p><p>1</p>
    <p>1</p>
    <p>1</p>
    <p>1</p>

实用float实现

.parent{margin-left:-20px}
/*假设列之间的间距为20px*/
.column{float:left;width:25%;padding-left:20px;box-sizing:border-box;}

利用table实现

.parent-fix{margin-left:-20px;}
.parent{display:table;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;}
.column{display:table-cell;padding-left:20px;}

利用flex实现

.parent{display:flex;}.column{flex:1;}
.column+.column{margin-left:20px;}

九宫格布局

使用table实现

<p>
        </p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>
        <p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>
        <p></p><p></p><p></p><p></p>
    

.parent{display:table;table-layout:fixed;width:100%;}.row{display:table-row;}.item{display:table-cell;width:33.3%;height:200px;}

实用flex实现

<p></p><p></p><p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p><p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p><p></p>
<p></p>
<p></p>

.parent{display:flex;flex-direction:column;}
.row{height:100px;display:flex;}
.item{width:100px;background:red;}

全屏布局

利用绝对定位实现

<p></p><p>top</p><p>left</p>
<p>right</p><p>bottom</p>

html,body,parent{height:100%;overflow:hidden;}
.top{position:absolute:top:0;left:0;right:0;height:100px;}
.left{position:absolute;top:100px;left:0;bottom:50px;width:200px;}
.right{position:absolute;overflow:auto;left:200px;right:0;top:100px;bottom:50px;}
.bottom{position:absolute;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;height:50px;}

利用flex实现

<p></p><p>top</p>
<p></p><p>left</p>
<p>right</p>
<p>bottom</p>

.parent{display:flex;flex-direction:column;}
.top{height:100px;}
.bottom{height:50px;}
.middle{flex:1;display:flex;}
.left{width:200px;}
.right{flex:1;overflow:auto;}

响应式布局

meta标签的实用

设置布局宽度等于设备宽度，布局viewport等于度量viewport

<meta>

媒体查询

HTML 4和CSS 2目前支持为不同的媒体类型设定专有的样式表, 比如, 一个页面在屏幕上显示时使用无衬线字体,
而在打印时则使用衬线字体, screen 和 print 是两种已定义的媒体类型, 媒体查询让样式表有更强的针对性,
扩展了媒体类型的功能;媒体查询由媒体类型和一个或多个检测媒体特性的条件表达式组成,
媒体查询中可用于检测的媒体特性有width、height和color（等）, 使用媒体查询, 可以在不改变页面内容的情况下,
为特定的一些输出设备定制显示效果。

语法

@media screen and (max-width:960px){....}<link>

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