How to use python to operate database (mysql)

1. Basic database operations

1. If you want to allow writing Chinese in the database, you can use the following command when creating the database

create database zcl charset utf8;

2. View the students table structure

desc students;

3. View the statements that create the students table structure

show create table students;

4. Delete the database

drop database zcl;

5. Create a new field

alter table students add column nal char(64);　

PS: I hate the above " Simple explanation + code" blog. In fact, I wrote a lot of examples in the mysql terminal, but because the computer was running a video-watching software at the time, I couldn't Ctrl+C/V. I’m too lazy now haha~~

2. Connect python to the database

python3 no longer supports mysqldb. Its replacement module is PyMySQL. The example in this article is in the python3.4 environment.

1. Install the pymysql module

pip3 install pymysql

2. Connect to the database and insert the data instance

import pymysql
#生成实例，连接数据库zcl
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='zcl')
#生成游标，当前实例所处状态
cur = conn.cursor()
#插入数据
reCount = cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)',('Jack','man',25,1351234,"CN"))
reCount = cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)',('Mary','female',18,1341234,"USA"))

conn.commit()  #实例提交命令

cur.close()
conn.close()
print(reCount)

View results:

mysql> select* from students;+----+------+-----+-----+-------------+------+
| id | name | sex | age | tel         | nal  |
+----+------+-----+-----+-------------+------+
|  1 | zcl  | man |  22 | 15622341234 | NULL |
|  2 | alex | man |  30 | 15622341235 | NULL |
+----+------+-----+-----+-------------+------+
2 rows in set

3. Get data

import pymysql

conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='zcl')
cur = conn.cursor()

reCount = cur.execute('select* from students')

res = cur.fetchone()       #获取一条数据
res2 = cur.fetchmany(3)   #获取3条数据
res3 = cur.fetchall()     #获取所有(元组格式)
print(res)
print(res2)
print(res3)
conn.commit()

cur.close()
conn.close()

Output:

(1, 'zcl', 'man', 22, '15622341234', None)
((2, 'alex', 'man', 30, '15622341235', None), (5, 'Jack', 'man', 25, '1351234', 'CN'), (6, 'Mary', 'female', 18, '1341234', 'USA'))
()

3. Transaction rollback

Transaction rollback is executed before the data is written to the database, so the transaction rollback Roll conn.rollback() before the instance submits the command conn.commit(). As long as the data is not submitted, it can be rolled back, but after the rollback, the ID will be incremented . Please look at the following example:

Insert 3 pieces of data (note transaction rollback):

import pymysql
#连接数据库zcl
conn=pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='zcl')
#生成游标，当前实例所处状态
cur=conn.cursor()
#插入数据
reCount=cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)', ('Jack', 'man', 25, 1351234, "CN"))
reCount=cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)', ('Jack2', 'man', 25, 1351234, "CN"))
reCount=cur.execute('insert into students(name, sex, age, tel, nal) values(%s, %s, %s, %s, %s)', ('Mary', 'female', 18, 1341234, "USA"))

conn.rollback()      #事务回滚
conn.commit()        #实例提交命令

cur.close()
conn.close()
print(reCount)

Before the command is executed and after the command is executed (Including rollback operation) (note the ID number): The result of not executing the above code is the same as executing the above code!! Because the transaction has been rolled back, the students table will not add data!

mysql> select* from students;+----+------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| id | name | sex    | age | tel         | nal  |
+----+------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
|  1 | zcl  | man    |  22 | 15622341234 | NULL |
|  2 | alex | man    |  30 | 15622341235 | NULL |
|  5 | Jack | man    |  25 | 1351234     | CN   |
|  6 | Mary | female |  18 | 1341234     | USA  |
+----+------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
4 rows in set

After executing the command (excluding rollback operation): Just comment the 11th line of code above.

mysql> select* from students;+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| id | name  | sex    | age | tel         | nal  |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
|  1 | zcl   | man    |  22 | 15622341234 | NULL |
|  2 | alex  | man    |  30 | 15622341235 | NULL |
|  5 | Jack  | man    |  25 | 1351234     | CN   |
|  6 | Mary  | female |  18 | 1341234     | USA  |
| 10 | Jack  | man    |  25 | 1351234     | CN   |
| 11 | Jack2 | man    |  25 | 1351234     | CN   |
| 12 | Mary  | female |  18 | 1341234     | USA  |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
7 rows in set

Summary: Although the transaction is rolled back, the ID is still incremented and will not be canceled due to rollback, but this does not affect the consistency of the data (I don’t know the underlying principle~)

4. Insert data in batches

import pymysql
#连接数据库zcl
conn = pymysql.connect(host='127.0.0.1', user='root', passwd='root', db='zcl')
#生成游标，当前实例所处状态
cur = conn.cursor()
li = [
    ("cjy","man",18,1562234,"USA"),
    ("cjy2","man",18,1562235,"USA"),
    ("cjy3","man",18,1562235,"USA"),
    ("cjy4","man",18,1562235,"USA"),
    ("cjy5","man",18,1562235,"USA"),
]

#插入数据
reCount = cur.executemany('insert into students(name,sex,age,tel,nal) values(%s,%s,%s,%s,%s)', li)

#conn.rollback()  #事务回滚
conn.commit()  #实例提交命令

cur.close()
conn.close()
print(reCount)

Output under pycharm: 5

mysql terminal display:

mysql> select* from students;   　  #插入数据前+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| id | name  | sex    | age | tel         | nal  |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
|  1 | zcl   | man    |  22 | 15622341234 | NULL |
|  2 | alex  | man    |  30 | 15622341235 | NULL |
|  5 | Jack  | man    |  25 | 1351234     | CN   |
|  6 | Mary  | female |  18 | 1341234     | USA  |
| 10 | Jack  | man    |  25 | 1351234     | CN   |
| 11 | Jack2 | man    |  25 | 1351234     | CN   |
| 12 | Mary  | female |  18 | 1341234     | USA  |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
7 rows in set


mysql> mysql> select* from students;　　　#插入数据后+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
| id | name  | sex    | age | tel         | nal  |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
|  1 | zcl   | man    |  22 | 15622341234 | NULL |
|  2 | alex  | man    |  30 | 15622341235 | NULL |
|  5 | Jack  | man    |  25 | 1351234     | CN   |
|  6 | Mary  | female |  18 | 1341234     | USA  |
| 10 | Jack  | man    |  25 | 1351234     | CN   |
| 11 | Jack2 | man    |  25 | 1351234     | CN   |
| 12 | Mary  | female |  18 | 1341234     | USA  |
| 13 | cjy   | man    |  18 | 1562234     | USA  |
| 14 | cjy2  | man    |  18 | 1562235     | USA  |
| 15 | cjy3  | man    |  18 | 1562235     | USA  |
| 16 | cjy4  | man    |  18 | 1562235     | USA  |
| 17 | cjy5  | man    |  18 | 1562235     | USA  |
+----+-------+--------+-----+-------------+------+
12 rows in set

You should summarize what you have learned in time, some things have been forgotten~_~

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