Home Backend Development XML/RSS Tutorial Detailed explanation of XML-JAXP technology-DOM parsing

Detailed explanation of XML-JAXP technology-DOM parsing

Mar 31, 2017 pm 02:12 PM

  DOM解析的基本思路:

    1、将整个XML文件一次性读入内存

    2、将整个XML看做一棵树

    3、XML中的每一个标签,属性,文本都看做是树上的一个结点

    4、然后可以对结点进行增删改查的操作

  话不多说,上代码。

  1、首先我在D:\ABC中新建了一个文本文件,重命名为stus.xml,以下是文件中的内容

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<?xml version = "1.0" encoding = "GBK" ?>

    <stus class = "S160401A">

    <stu num = "001" >

    <name>张三</name>

    <age>20</age>

    <sex>男</sex>

    </stu>

  

    <stu num = "002">

    <name>李四</name>

    <age>21</age>

    <sex>女</sex>

    </stu>

  

    <stu num = "003">

    <name>王五</name>

    <age>22</age>

    <sex>男</sex>

    </stu>

    </stus>

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 在第一行是XML声明,version表示版本号,encoding表示编码方式,微软的记事本用的是国标的编码方式,如果要用UTF-8,则要在另存为窗口中修改编码方式为UTF-8。

Detailed explanation of XML-JAXP technology-DOM parsing

 必须且只能有一对根标签,我写的根标签是。其他的就不多说了。

2、这是一个学生类,定义了一些属性和get、set方法

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<span   style="max-width:90%">public class Student {

    public static String Class;

    private String name;

    private int num;

    private int age;

    private char sex;

 

    public String getName() {

        return name;

    }

 

    public void setName(String name) {

        this.name = name;

    }

 

    public int getNum() {

        return num;

    }

 

    public void setNum(int num) {

        this.num = num;

    }

 

    public int getAge() {

        return age;

    }

 

    public void setAge(int age) {

        this.age = age;

    }

 

    public char getSex() {

        return sex;

    }

 

    public void setSex(char sex) {

        this.sex = sex;

    }

 

}</span>

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  3、这是用DOM解析的类,看这个类之前还要了解一下。

    DocumentBuilderFactory DOM解析器工厂

    DocumentBuilder DOM解析器

    Document 文档对象

    Node 结点【接口

    Element 元素结点【标签结点】

    Attr 属性结点

    Text 文本结点

    Node 是Document,Element,Attr,Text的父接口

    NodeList 结点列表

    NamedNodeMap 一个结点的所有属性

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<span style="font-size: 16px;">import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;

 

import org.w3c.dom.Attr;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;

import org.w3c.dom.Element;

import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;

import org.w3c.dom.Node;

import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

 

import bean.Student;

 

public class DOMParser {

 

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

 

        // 得到解析器工厂对象

        DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();

 

        // 生产一个解析器对象

        DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder();

 

        // 开始解析XML文件,得到解析的结果,是一个Document对象

        // Document对象叫做文档树对象

        Document dom = builder.parse("D:\\ABC\\stus.xml");

 

        // 通过Document对象提取数据

        // Document对象的第一个子节点是根节点[根标签]

        Node root = dom.getFirstChild();

        // 获得标签的名字

        String str = root.getNodeName();

        // 获得根节点的属性

        NamedNodeMap attrs = root.getAttributes();

        // 强转成Attr类型 属性类

        Attr attr = (Attr) attrs.getNamedItem("class");

        // 获得属性里的值

        String v = attr.getValue();

        System.out.println(v);

 

        // 获得所有的学生-------------------------------------

        NodeList list = root.getChildNodes();

        for (int i = 0; i < list.getLength(); i++) {

            Node node = list.item(i);

            // 判断是否是标签结点

            if (node instanceof Element) {

                Element e = (Element) node;

                // 获得标签结点里属性的值

                String num = e.getAttribute("num");

                System.out.println(num);

 

                // 输出标签中的文本

                // System.out.println(e.getTextContent());

 

                // 继续获得stu的子节点

                NodeList nodeList = e.getChildNodes();

                for (int j = 0; j < nodeList.getLength(); j++) {

                    Node n = nodeList.item(j);

                    if (n instanceof Element) {

                        Element ele = (Element) n;

                        // 获得元素结点的标签名字

                        String nodeName = ele.getNodeName();

                        // 获得元素结点标签中的文本

                        String value = ele.getTextContent();

                        if (nodeName.equals("name")) {

                            System.out.println("姓名:" + value);

                        } else if (nodeName.equals("age")) {

                            System.out.println("年龄:" + value);

                        } else if (nodeName.equals("sex")) {

                            System.out.println("性别:" + value);

                        }

                    }

                }

            }

        }

    }

}</span>

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  自己在其中总结了一些方法:

  DocumentBuilderFactory类:

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public static DocumentBuilderFactory newInstance(); //得到解析器工厂对象

   public abstract DocumentBuilder newDocumentBuilder(); //生产一个解析器对象

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  DocumentBuilder类:

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public Document parse(String uri); //解析路径为uri的XML文件,得到解析的结果是一个Document对象

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  Node类:

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public Node getFirstChild(); //得到Document对象的第一个子结点,也就是根结点、或者叫根标签,在上面的代码中得到的是stus,看上面的第1点中的XML文件的内容。

   public NamedNodeMap getAttributes();//获得结点的属性

   public NodeList getChildNodes();//获得所有子结点

   public String getNodeName();//获得标签的名字

   public String getTextContent() throws DOMException;//获得标签结点中的文本

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  NamedNodeMap类:    

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public Node getNamedItem(String name);//返回所有名字为name的结点

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  Attr类:

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public String getValue();//获得属性里的值

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  NodeList类:

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public Node item(int index);//返回第index个结点

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  Element类:

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public String getAttribute(String name);//获得标签结点里属性name的值

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