In this tutorial, I will show you how to make a tic-tac-toe game using Python. This will include functions, lists, if statements, while loops, for loops, error handling, and more.
First, we will create two functions. The first function will print out the background template of the tic-tac-toe game:
def print_board():
for i in range(0,3):
for j in range(0,3):
print map[2-i][j],
if j != 2:
print "|",
print ""
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Here, we use two for loops to traverse a list variable named map. This variable is a two-dimensional list that will hold information for each location.
Since I'll be comparing the positions to the numbers on the keypad (as you'll see later), the first value we'll set is (2-i), and then we want to use "|" is used to divide our positions, so after each position is printed, we print a "|" for it, where we print map[2-i] [j], uses commas to ensure that they are printed on the same line.
Now, this function can print the background of a game. It looks like this:
| |
| |
| |
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X | X |
O | X | O
| O | X
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X | X | X
X | X | X
X | X | X
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Next, we create a check_done() function, which will check whether the game is over after each round. If the game is over, then return True and print a message.
def check_done():
for i in range(0,3):
if map[i][0] == map[i][1] == map[i][2] != " " \
or map[0][i] == map[1][i] == map[2][i] != " ":
print turn, "won!!!"
return True
if map[0][0] == map[1][1] == map[2][2] != " " \
or map[0][2] == map[1][1] == map[2][0] != " ":
print turn, "won!!!"
return True
if " " not in map[0] and " " not in map[1] and " " not in map[2]:
print "Draw"
return True
return False
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First, we will check whether there are three rows in the horizontal and vertical directions that are the same and not empty (so he will not consider three consecutive blank rows as eligible). Second, we check the diagonal lines in the same way. .
If one of these 8 lines meets the conditions, the game will end and "Won!!!" will be printed out and True will be returned. At the same time, pay attention to the turn variable, which is used to determine the next move. Whichever side is playing chess, the final message will be "X won!!" or "O won!!".
Next, this function will judge that if no position is empty, it means that no one can win the game (judged earlier), then it will print out a tie and return True.
If there are neither of the above two situations, then the game is not over yet and False will be returned.
OK, now we have two functions, let’s start our real program, first create three variables:
I have already told you what these three variables mean. If you have forgotten, then take a look below:
turn: Who should go
map: The background map of the game
done: Is this game ever over?
Next, write like this:
while done != True:
print_board()
print turn, "'s turn"
print
moved = False
while moved != True:
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There is a while loop inside, until done is True, we print out whose turn it is to go.
Then create a variable named moved to check whether the player has moved. If not, enter the next loop.
Next, we print how the player should go:
print "Please select position by typing in a number between 1 and 9, see below for which number that is which position..."
print "7|8|9"
print "4|5|6"
print "1|2|3"
print
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Next:
try:
pos = input("Select: ")
if pos <=9 and pos >=1:
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We want the player to enter a number, and then we check whether it is between 1 and 9. At the same time, we have to add an error handling. For example, if the player enters "Hello", the program cannot just exit.
Now, we need to check whether he can take this step:
Y = pos/3
X = pos%3
if X != 0:
X -=1
else:
X = 2
Y -=1
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Haha, keep your eyes open. First, we get a value of X and Y, and then use them to check whether the position he wants to place is empty. Next, I will explain to you how X and Y work. ：
##
Position 1: Y = 1/3 = 0, X = 1%3 = 1; x -= 1 = 0
Position 2: Y = 2/3 = 0, X = 2%3 = 2; X -= 1 = 1
Position 3: Y = 3/3 = 1, X = 3%3 = 0; X = 2, Y -= 1 = 0
……
You can do the math below, and I will jump right to the conclusion (Damn, Hexo’s default template does not display tables. When I edited it on mou, it was much prettier than the one below!):
Y\X
x=0
x=1
x=2
y=2
7
8
9
y=1
4
5
6
y=0
1
2
3
aha,这个位置和我们键入的是一样的！
print "7|8|9"
print "4|5|6"
print "1|2|3"
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现在我们完成大部分工作了，但是还有几行代码：
map[Y][X] = turn
moved = True
done = check_done()
if done == False:
if turn == "X":
turn = "O"
else:
turn = "X"
except:
print "You need to add a numeric value"
def print_board():
for i in range(0,3):
for j in range(0,3):
print map[2-i][j],
if j != 2:
print "|",
print ""
def check_done():
for i in range(0,3):
if map[i][0] == map[i][1] == map[i][2] != " " \
or map[0][i] == map[1][i] == map[2][i] != " ":
print turn, "won!!!"
return True
if map[0][0] == map[1][1] == map[2][2] != " " \
or map[0][2] == map[1][1] == map[2][0] != " ":
print turn, "won!!!"
return True
if " " not in map[0] and " " not in map[1] and " " not in map[2]:
print "Draw"
return True
return False
turn = "X"
map = [[" "," "," "],
[" "," "," "],
[" "," "," "]]
done = False
while done != True:
print_board()
print turn, "'s turn"
print
moved = False
while moved != True:
print "Please select position by typing in a number between 1 and 9, see below for which number that is which position..."
print "7|8|9"
print "4|5|6"
print "1|2|3"
print
try:
pos = input("Select: ")
if pos <=9 and pos >=1:
Y = pos/3
X = pos%3
if X != 0:
X -=1
else:
X = 2
Y -=1
if map[Y][X] == " ":
map[Y][X] = turn
moved = True
done = check_done()
if done == False:
if turn == "X":
turn = "O"
else:
turn = "X"
except:
print "You need to add a numeric value"
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原文出处： Vswe
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