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C# Introduction to input methods

Y2J
Release: 2017-04-24 11:46:33
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C# 输入法

    虽说输入法不是什么新事物,各种语言版本都有,不过在C#不常见;这就会给人一种误会:C#不能做!其实C#能不能做呢,答案是肯定的——三种方式都行:IMM、TSF以及外挂式。IMM这种就是调windows的一些底层api,不过在新版本的windows中基本上已经不能用了,属于一种过时的操作方式。TSF是微软推荐的一种新方式,不过相对C#资料太少;线上主要的一些都是针对C++的版本资料,当然可以作为借鉴来实现C#版的。我这里主要介绍一种外挂式的(天啦撸,C#可以写外挂?),对于高手来说肯定不值一提,不过也算是实现了外挂及输入法!题外话——C#可以做外挂么?答案是可以的,C#针对windows的api编程资料还是很多的,下面就简单的介绍一下面可能要使用到的api:

安装了一个钩子,截取鼠标键盘等信号

public 
static 
extern int
SetWindowsHookEx(
int 
idHook, 
HookProc 
lpfn, 
IntPtr 
hInstance, 
int 
threadId);
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停止使用钩子

publicstatic extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(intidHook);
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通过信息钩子继续下一个钩子

publicstatic extern int CallNextHookEx(intidHook, int nCode, Int32 wParam, IntPtr lParam);
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线程钩子需要用到

static extern int GetCurrentThreadId();
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使用WINDOWS API函数代替获取当前实例的函数,防止钩子失效

publicstatic extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(stringname);
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转换指定的虚拟键码和键盘状态的相应字符或字符

public static extern int ToAscii(int uVirtKey, //[in] 指定虚拟关键代码进行翻译。
int uScanCode, // [in] 指定的硬件扫描码的关键须翻译成英文。高阶位的这个值设定的关键,如果是(不压)
byte[] lpbKeyState, // [in] 指针,以256字节数组,包含当前键盘的状态。每个元素(字节)的数组包含状态的一个关键。如果高阶位的字节是一套,关键是下跌(按下)。在低比特,如果设置表明,关键是对切换。在此功能,只有肘位的CAPS LOCK键是相关的。在切换状态的NUM个锁和滚动锁定键被忽略。
byte[] lpwTransKey, // [out] 指针的缓冲区收到翻译字符或字符。
int fuState);

1.有了以上的这些api基本上就可能实现鼠标键盘的监控或者锁定等;那么首先要安装钩子:

   // 安装键盘钩子 public void Start()
        {         
            if (hKeyboardHook == 0)
            {
                KeyboardHookProcedure = new HookProc(KeyboardHookProc);

                hKeyboardHook = SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD_LL, KeyboardHookProcedure, GetModuleHandle(Process.GetCurrentProcess().MainModule.ModuleName), 0);                //如果SetWindowsHookEx失败
                if (hKeyboardHook == 0)
                {
                    Stop();                    throw new Exception("安装键盘钩子失败");
                }
            }
        }
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2.安装完后就要对获取到钩子进行处理:

private int KeyboardHookProc(int nCode, Int32 wParam, IntPtr lParam)
        {            // 侦听键盘事件
            if (nCode >= 0 && wParam == 0x0100)
            {
                KeyboardHookStruct MyKeyboardHookStruct = (KeyboardHookStruct)Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(KeyboardHookStruct));                #region 开关                if (MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode == 20 || MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode == 160 || MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode == 161)
                {
                    isLocked = isLocked ? false : true;
                }                #endregion

                #region
                if (isLocked)
                {                    if (isStarted && MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode >= 48 && MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode <= 57)
                    {                        var c = int.Parse(((char)MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode).ToString());
                        OnSpaced(c);
                        isStarted = false;                        return 1;
                    }                    if (isStarted && MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode == 8)
                    {
                        OnBacked();                        return 1;
                    }                    if ((MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode >= 65 && MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode <= 90) || MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode == 32)
                    {                        if (MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode >= 65 && MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode <= 90)
                        {
                            Keys keyData = (Keys)MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode;
                            KeyEventArgs e = new KeyEventArgs(keyData);
                            KeyUpEvent(this, e);
                            isStarted = true;
                        }                        if (MyKeyboardHookStruct.vkCode == 32)
                        {
                            OnSpaced(0);
                            isStarted = false;
                        }                        return 1;
                    }                    else
                        return 0;
                }                #endregion
            }            return CallNextHookEx(hKeyboardHook, nCode, wParam, lParam);
        }
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上面一些数字,对于刚入门的同学来说也不是什么问题,一看就明白是对哪些键做的操作。

3.停止钩子

 1 public void Stop() 2         { 3             bool retKeyboard = true; 4  5  6             if (hKeyboardHook != 0) 7             { 8                 retKeyboard = UnhookWindowsHookEx(hKeyboardHook); 9                 hKeyboardHook = 0;10             }11 12             if (!(retKeyboard))13                 throw new Exception("卸载钩子失败!");14         }
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4.注册事件

1 private void WordBoard_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)2         {3             Program.keyBordHook.KeyUpEvent += KeyBordHook_KeyUpEvent;4             Program.keyBordHook.OnSpaced += KeyBordHook_OnSpaced;5             Program.keyBordHook.OnBacked += KeyBordHook_OnBacked;6         }
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5.根据输入内容显示并进行转换

 1 private void ShowCharatar() 2         { 3             this.listView1.BeginInvoke(new Action(() => 4             { 5                 label1.Text = keys; 6  7                 try 8                 { 9                     this.listView1.Items.Clear();10                     var arr = CacheHelper.Get(keys);11                     if (arr != null)12                         for (int i = 0; i < (arr.Length > 10 ? 9 : arr.Length); i++)13                         {14                             this.listView1.Items.Add((i + 1) + "、" + arr[i]);15                         }16                 }17                 catch18                 {19                     label1.Text = keys = "";20                 }21             }));22         }
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6.显示输入

1 private void KeyBordHook_KeyUpEvent(object sender, KeyEventArgs e)2         {3             keys += e.KeyCode.ToString().ToLower();4             this.ShowCharatar();5         }
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7.空格上屏

 1 private void KeyBordHook_OnSpaced(int choose) 2         { 3             try 4             { 5                 if (CacheHelper.ContainsKey(keys)) 6                 { 7                     if (choose > 0) 8                     { 9                         choose = choose - 1;10                     }11 12                     Program.keyBordHook.Send(CacheHelper.Get(keys)[choose]);13                     label1.Text = "";14                     this.listView1.Clear();15                 }16             }17             catch18             {19 20             }21             keys = "";22         }
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8.将数据发送到激活的输入框中

1 public void Send(string msg)2         {3             if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(msg))4             {5                 Stop();6                 SendKeys.Send("{RIGHT}" + msg);7                 Start();8             }9         }
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9.back键回退

1 private void KeyBordHook_OnBacked()2         {3             if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(keys))4             {5                 keys = keys.Substring(0, keys.Length - 1);6             }7             this.ShowCharatar();8         }
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当然这里还可以使其他键来完善更多的功能,例如拼音的分页处理等

至于什么五笔、拼音就要使用词库来解决了;其中五笔比较简单,拼音就非常复杂了,各种分词、联想等...这里以五笔为主,拼音为单拼来实现基本的输入功能;所以不需要什么高深算法,简单使用MemoryCache就轻松高效搞定

10.键词转换

  1 /*****************************************************************************************************  2  * 本代码版权归@wenli所有,All Rights Reserved (C) 2015-2017  3  *****************************************************************************************************  4  * CLR版本:4.0.30319.42000  5  * 唯一标识:8ebc884b-ee5f-45de-8638-c054b832e0ce  6  * 机器名称:WENLI-PC  7  * 联系人邮箱:wenguoli_520@qq.com  8  *****************************************************************************************************  9  * 项目名称:$projectname$ 10  * 命名空间:Wenli.IEM 11  * 类名称:CacheHelper 12  * 创建时间:2017/3/3 16:18:14 13  * 创建人:wenli 14  * 创建说明: 15  *****************************************************************************************************/ 16 using System; 17 using System.Collections.Generic; 18 using System.IO; 19 using System.Linq; 20 using System.Runtime.Caching; 21 using System.Text; 22 using System.Windows.Forms; 23  24 namespace Wenli.IEM.Helper 25 { 26     public static class CacheHelper 27     { 28         static MemoryCache _wubiCache = new MemoryCache("wubi"); 29  30         static MemoryCache _pinyinCache = new MemoryCache("pinyin"); 31  32         static CacheHelper() 33         { 34             var path = Application.StartupPath + "\\Win32\\world.dll"; 35             var arr = File.ReadAllLines(path); 36             foreach (string item in arr) 37             { 38                 var key = item.Substring(0, item.IndexOf(" ")); 39                 var value = item.Substring(item.IndexOf(" ") + 1); 40                 _wubiCache.Add(key, (object)value, DateTimeOffset.MaxValue); 41             } 42  43             // 44  45             path = Application.StartupPath + "\\Win32\\pinyin.dll"; 46             arr = File.ReadAllLines(path); 47             foreach (string item in arr) 48             { 49                 var key = item.Substring(0, item.IndexOf(" ")); 50                 var value = item.Substring(item.IndexOf(" ") + 1); 51                 _pinyinCache.Add(key, (object)value, DateTimeOffset.MaxValue); 52             } 53         } 54  55         public static string[] Get(string key) 56         { 57             if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(key)) 58             { 59                 var str = string.Empty; 60  61                 try 62                 { 63                     if (_wubiCache.Contains(key)) 64                         str = _wubiCache[key].ToString(); 65                 } 66                 catch { } 67                 try 68                 { 69                     if (_pinyinCache.Contains(key)) 70                         str += " " + _pinyinCache[key].ToString(); 71                 } 72                 catch { } 73  74                 if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(str)) 75                 { 76                     var arr = str.Split(new string[] { " " }, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries); 77                     for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++) 78                     { 79                         if (arr[i].IndexOf("*") > -1) 80                         { 81                             arr[i] = arr[i].Substring(0, arr[i].IndexOf("*")); 82                         } 83                     } 84                     return arr; 85                 } 86             } 87  88             return null; 89         } 90  91  92         public static bool ContainsKey(string key) 93         { 94             if (_wubiCache.Contains(key)) 95                 return true; 96             if (_pinyinCache.Contains(key)) 97                 return true; 98             return false; 99         }100 101         public static void Clear()102         {103             _wubiCache.Dispose();104             GC.Collect(-1);105         }106     }107 }
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到此一个基本型的C#版外挂输入法就成功完成了

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