Detailed example of user registration function development (python)

The birth of a web application based on flask is the fifth article. This article mainly introduces the development of user registration function. It has certain reference value. Interested friends can refer to it.

The roles are divided below There are two types, ordinary users and administrator users. At least for ordinary users, it is not advisable to directly modify the DB. A user registration function is required. The development of user registration will begin below.

User Table

First of all, think about what information users need to provide when registering: user name, password, nickname, email, birthday, gender, self Introduction, let’s modify the user model according to this information:

class User(db.Model):
 __tablename__="users"
 id=db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True)
 username=db.Column(db.String(50),unique=True,index=True)
 password=db.Column(db.String(50))
 nickname=db.Column(db.String(50))
 email=db.Column(db.String(100))
 birthday=db.Column(db.DateTime)
 gender=db.Column(db.Integer)
 remark=db.Column(db.String(200))
 role_id=db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey("roles.id"))

Then use the script to modify the db

python default.py db migrate -m "修改用户表"

After pressing Enter, the interface displays the content:

Then make changes to the db difference

python default.py db upgrade

Now look at the table structure in the db:

has been modified successfully

Registration interface

Then create a new register.html template and set the login form:

{% extends "base.html"%}
{% block content %} <!--具体内容-->
<p class="container">
 <p class="row"></p>
 <p class="row">

  <p>
   <p class="page-header">
    <h1>欢迎您注册</h1>
   </p>
   {% for message in get_flashed_messages() %}
   <p class="alert alert-warning">
    <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alter">&times</button>
    {{message}}
   </p>
   {% endfor %}
   <form method="post">
    <p class="form-group">
    <label for="username">用户名</label>
    <input type="text" class="form-control" name="username" id="username" placeholder="请输入用户名">
    </p>
    <p class="form-group">
    <label for="passworld">密码</label>
    <input type="password" class="form-control" name="password" id="passworld" placeholder="请输入密码">
    </p>
    <p class="form-group">
    <label for="email">昵称</label>
    <input type="email" class="form-control" name="nickname" id="nickname" placeholder="请输入昵称">
    </p>
    <p class="form-group">
    <label for="birthday">生日</label>
    <input type="date" class="form-control" name="birthday" id="birthday" placeholder="请输入生日">
    </p>
    <p class="form-group">
    <label >性别</label>
    <label class="form-control">
     <input type="radio" name="gender" value="0" id="gender0"><label for="gender0">男</label>
     <input type="radio" name="gender" value="1" id="gender1"><label for="gender1">女</label>
    </label>
    </p>
    <p class="form-group">
    <label for="email">电子邮箱</label>
    <input type="email" class="form-control" name="email" id="email" placeholder="请输入电子邮箱">
    </p>
    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">登录</button>
   </form>
  </p>
 </p>
</p>
{% endblock %}

Then add the register route in the default.py file, the code is:

@app.route("/register",methods=["GET"])
def register():
 return render_template("/register.html")

The running interface is normal, and then add post routing:

@app.route("/register",methods=["Post"])
def registerPost():
 user=User();
 user.username=request.form.get("username","")
 user.password = request.form.get("password", "")
 user.birthday = request.form.get("birthday", "")
 user.email = request.form.get("email", "")
 user.gender = request.form.get("gender", "")
 user.nickname = request.form.get("nickname", "")
 user.role_id = 1 #暂时约定公开用户角色为1

 #判断,其中用户名,密码,昵称不能为空
 if(len(user.username.strip())==0):
  flash("用户名不能为空")
  return render_template("/register.html")
 if(len(user.password.strip())==0):
  flash("用户密码不能为空")
  return render_template("/register.html")
 if (len(user.nickname.strip()) == 0):
  flash("用户昵称不能为空")
  return render_template("/register.html")
 db.session.add(user);
 flash("您已注册成功")
 return render_template("/register.html")

The code is a bit verbose and not beautiful, but the basic intention can be expressed clearly and the function can be realized, but now the problem is coming, join me If you add a new field, you need to modify three codes (html, form.get, verification), and especially the html needs to be modified, and the html part is not verified. If client verification is added, more modifications will be needed. So is there a tool for optimizing forms? The answer is of course, it’s wtf’s turn.

Introducing the WTF form framework

As before, you first need to install the plug-in.

pip3.6 install flask-wtf

Then introduce the required packages

from flask.ext.wtf import Form
from wtforms import StringField,PasswordField,SubmitField,RadioField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired,EqualTo,Length

Create a form RegisterForm below:

class RegisterForm(Form):
 username = StringField("请输入用户名", validators=[DataRequired()])
 password = PasswordField("请输入密码", validators=[DataRequired()])
 repassword=PasswordField("确认密码", validators=[EqualTo("password")])
 nickname= StringField("昵称")
 birthday= DateField("出生日期")
 email= StringField("邮箱地址", validators=[Email()])
 gender= RadioField("性别", choices=[("0", "男"), ("1", "女")], default=0)
 remark= TextAreaField("自我简介")
 submit=SubmitField("提交")

Modify the register.html template:

{% extends "base.html"%}
{% block content %} <!--具体内容-->
{% import "bootstrap/wtf.html" as wtf %} <!--导入bootstrap模板 -->
<p class="container">
 <p class="row"></p>
 <p class="row">

  <p>
   <p class="page-header">
    <h1>欢迎您注册</h1>
   </p>
   {% for message in get_flashed_messages() %}
   <p class="alert alert-warning">
    <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alter">&times</button>
    {{message}}
   </p>
   {% endfor %}
   {{ wtf.quick_form(form)}} <!--创建表单-->
  </p>
 </p>
</p>
{% endblock %}

Execute and output the results ：

Aou, an error was reported, see what error the output is:

Pay attention to the red line, it is CSRF Error, the concept of CSRF can be directly linked to Baidu. Once you know the problem, it is actually easy to modify. Adding a secret key to the framework can effectively prevent it. Add a line to default.py:

app.config['SECRET_KEY'] = "Niu_blog String"

The secret key string can be customized

Then run it again, and the interface will appear:

and contains the verification style for verifying bootstrap, then continue The registration function has been completed by transforming default.py

@app.route("/register",methods=["GET","POST"])
def register():
 form=RegisterForm()
 if form.validate_on_submit():
  user=User()
  user.username=form.username.data
  user.password=form.password.data
  user.birthday=form.birthday.data
  user.email=form.email.data
  user.gender=form.gender.data
  user.nickname=form.nickname.data
  user.role_id=1   #暂时约定公开用户角色为1
  db.session.add(user)
 return render_template("/register.html",form=form)

Note that the registerPost method has been deleted at this time

Let’s run and test it

Click to submit:

Ao, why is the date format wrong? You have to read this from the source code:

class DateField(DateTimeField):
 """
 Same as DateTimeField, except stores a `datetime.date`.
 """
 def __init__(self, label=None, validators=None, format='%Y-%m-%d', **kwargs):
  super(DateField, self).__init__(label, validators, format, **kwargs)

 def process_formdata(self, valuelist):
  if valuelist:
   date_str = ' '.join(valuelist)
   try:
    self.data = datetime.datetime.strptime(date_str, self.format).date()
   except ValueError:
    self.data = None
    raise ValueError(self.gettext('Not a valid date value'))

This is the source code of wtforms field, located at line 745 of /wtforms/fields/core.py. You can see that the date format supported here is year-month- Japanese format, the format is relatively strict, and the text box does not use HTML5 date but ordinary text. The solution will be discussed later. For now, modify the input to 1988-2-5, and then click Submit:

Note that after the code is submitted successfully, it still returns to this page and injects content, so there is no problem with the display. Take a look at the db:

The record enters the db normally and the function is completed.

Improve the login page

Let’s transform the login page. First create the login form:

class LoginForm(Form):
 username=StringField("请输入用户名",validators=[DataRequired()])
 password=PasswordField("请输入密码")
 submit=SubmitField("登录")

Modify the login template page:

{% extends "base.html"%}
{% import "bootstrap/wtf.html" as wtf %}
{% block content %} <!--具体内容-->
<p class="container">
 <p class="row"></p>
 <p class="row">

  <p class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-4 col-sm-6 col-sm-offset-3">
   <p class="page-header">
    <h1>欢迎您登陆</h1>
   </p>
   {% for message in get_flashed_messages() %}
   <p class="alert alert-warning">
    <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="alter">&times</button>
    {{message}}
   </p>
   {% endfor %}
   {{ wtf.quick_form(form)}}
  </p>
 </p>
</p>
{% endblock %}

Modify routing method:

@app.route("/login",methods=["GET","POST"])
def login():
 form=LoginForm()
 if form.validate_on_submit():
  username = form.username.data
  password = form.password.data
  user = User.query.filter_by(username=username, password=password).first()
  if user is not None:
   session["user"] = username
   return render_template("/index.html", name=username, site_name='myblog')
  else:
   flash("您输入的用户名或密码错误")
   return render_template("/login.html",form=form) # 返回的仍为登录页
 return render_template("/login.html",form=form)

Restart the service, run the program, enter zhangji and 123, and successfully log in to the homepage

Return to the homepage

Now the home page is completely white with no content. A normal light blog should display the post button, followed articles, etc. after logging in, but the login status must be recorded first, which will be explained in the next chapter.

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